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The Daily Star Editorial

August 23, 2020
The Daily Star Editorial 
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āĻļিāϰোāύাāĻŽ: Complicity of certain law enforcement units in extrajudicial killings
=āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄে āĻ•āϤিāĻĒ⧟ āφāχāύ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āχāωāύিāϟেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ;
=āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄে āφāχāύ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āϟি āχāωāύিāϟ āϜ⧜িāϤ; 
Why are these units so trigger-happy?
=āĻāϏāĻŦ āχāωāύিāϟ āĻāϤ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•āĻŦাāϜ āĻ•েāύ? 
Prepared by: Md Mohiuddin  
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āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ—ুāϞি āϜেāύে āύিāχ
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ā§§। Complicity-āĻĻুāώ্āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽে āϏāĻšা⧟āϤা/āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা/āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ; 
⧍। certain law enforcement units-āĻ•āϤিāĻĒ⧟/āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āφāχāύ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āϰāĻ•্āώাāĻ•াāϰী āχāωāύিāϟ; 
ā§Š।  in extrajudicial killings-āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄে; 
ā§Ē। trigger-happy-āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āωāϏ্āĻ•াāύিāϤেāχ āϏāĻšিংāϏ āĻĒāύ্āĻĨা (āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻ—ুāϞি āϚাāϞāύা) āĻ…āĻŦāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ; āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•āĻŦাāϜ; 
ā§Ģ। The murder of Major (retired) Sinha-āĻ…āĻŦāϏāϰāĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻŽেāϜāϰ āϏিāύāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ; 
ā§Ŧ। has brought to the fore -āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϟ āĻ•āϰে āϤুāϞāĻ›ে; 
ā§­। the  disturbingly high number of deaths-āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা; 
ā§Ž। due to-āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে; 
⧝। "gunfights"-āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ; 
ā§§ā§Ļ। "shootouts"-āĻ—োāϞাāĻ—ুāϞি; 
ā§§ā§§। and  "crossfires" -āĻ•্āϰāϏāĻĢা⧟াāϰ; 
⧧⧍। at the hands of the police-āĻĒুāϞিāĻļেāϰ āĻšাāϤে; 
ā§§ā§Š। in Teknaf upazila-āϟেāĻ•āύাāĻĢ āωāĻĒāϜেāϞা⧟; 
ā§§ā§Ē। over the last  two years-āĻŦিāĻ—āϤ āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĻāϰে; 
ā§§ā§Ģ। However-āĻ•িāύ্āϤু; 
ā§§ā§Ŧ। an investigation by the The Daily Star-āĻĻ্āϝ āĻĄেāχāϞি āϏ্āϟাāϰেāϰ āĻāĻ• āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ/āĻ…āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύ;
ā§§ā§­। has revealed  that-āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āϝে; 
ā§§ā§Ž। this is not the only law enforcement unit -āĻāϟা āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āφāχāύ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āχāωāύিāϟ āύ⧟; 
⧧⧝। in the country-āĻĻেāĻļে; 
⧍ā§Ļ। that has  an alarming record-āωāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—āϜāύāĻ• āϰেāĻ•āϰ্āĻĄ āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে; 
⧍⧧। of extrajudicial deaths-āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ; 
⧍⧍। who are implicated (in)-āϝাāϰা āϜ⧜িāϤ; 
ā§¨ā§Š। Based on  analysis of data-āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āωāĻĒাāϤ্āϤেāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖেāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤে; 
⧍ā§Ē। over the last two year-āĻŦিāĻ—āϤ āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰে; 
⧍ā§Ģ। "war on drugs"-āĻŽাāĻĻāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ; 
⧍ā§Ŧ। was  initiated in May 2018-⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ž āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽে āĻŽাāϏে āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ; 
⧍⧭। the investigation found that -āĻ…āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāĻ›ে āϝে; 
ā§¨ā§Ž। an overwhelming  majority of extrajudicial deaths-āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াংāĻļāχ; 
⧍⧝। happen at the hands of three agencies-āϤিāύāϟি āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āĻšাāϤে āϘāϟে; 
ā§Šā§Ļ। the police, Rapid Action Battalion, and Border Guard Bangladesh. -āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ, āϰ‌্āϝাāĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāϜিāĻŦি; 
ā§Šā§§। Moreover-āϤাāĻ›া⧜া; 
ā§Šā§¨। some units of these agencies-āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āχāωāύিāϟ; 
ā§Šā§Š। were found to be particularly  "trigger-happy,"-āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•āĻŦাāϜ āĻšāϤে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāĻ›ে; 
ā§Šā§Ē। recording a disproportionate number of deaths-āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤāĻšীāύ āϰেāĻ•āϰ্āĻĄ āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা; 
ā§Šā§Ģ। compared  to their counterpart units.-āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽাāύ /āϏāĻŽāĻ•āĻ•্āώ āχāωāύিāϟেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟; 
ā§Šā§Ŧ। For instance-āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏ্āĻŦāϰুāĻĒ; 
ā§Šā§­। of the 68 deaths-ā§Ŧā§Žāϟি āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āϘāϟāύা; 
ā§Šā§Ž। due to so-called gunfights-āϤāĻĨাāĻ•āĻĨিāϤ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে; 
ā§Šā§¯। 31 were by one  unit alone-ā§Šā§§āϟা āĻļুāϧু āĻāĻ•āϟি āχāωāύিāϟেāϰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা; 
ā§Ēā§Ļ। most of the deaths took place-āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াংāĻļ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ/āύিāĻšāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟেāĻ›ে; 
ā§Ēā§§।  in Banshkhali and  Sitakunda.-āĻŦাāĻļāĻ–াāϞী āĻāĻŦং āϏিāϤাāĻ•ুāĻŖ্āĻĄে; 
ā§Ē⧍। In Dhaka and surrounding areas-āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻāϞাāĻ•া⧟; 
ā§Ēā§Š। Rab-1 was responsible for 17  deaths-ā§§ā§­āϟি āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āϰ‌্āϝাāĻŦ-ā§§ āĻĻা⧟ী; 
ā§Ēā§Ē। due to "shootouts" in this two-year period-āĻāχ āĻĻুāχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰে āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ• āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে; 
ā§Ēā§Ģ। while Rab-2 was  responsible for 18-āĻāĻĻিāĻ•ে āϰ‌্āϝাāĻŦ ⧍,  ā§§ā§Žāϟি āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ/āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻা⧟ী; 
ā§Ēā§Ŧ। The investigation also analysed-āĻ…āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύে āφāϰো āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϞোāϚāύা⧟ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝা⧟ী; 
ā§Ēā§­। rhetoric or  defence-āĻŦাāĻ—ā§œāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āωāĻ•্āϤি āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•্āώ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ; 
ā§Ēā§Ž। put forward-āĻĒেāĻļ āĻ•āϰা; 
ā§Ē⧝। used one particular narrative-āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻāĻ• āĻ—āϞ্āĻĒ/āĻ•াāĻšিāύী āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে; 
ā§Ģā§Ļ। all the cases under its  jurisdiction-āĻāĻ–āϤি⧟াāϰাāϧীāύ āϏāĻ•āϞ āϘāϟāύা⧟; 
ā§Ģā§§। provided no specific details of the incidents-āϘāϟāύাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāĻŦāϰāĻŖ āĻĻে⧟āύা; 
ā§Ģ⧍। evidence of law enforcement officials-āφāχāύ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ/āϏাāĻ•্āώ; 
ā§Ģā§Š। Despite repeated demands-āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦি āϏāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāĻ“; 
ā§Ģā§Ē। from different quarters nationally and  internationally-āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ“ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŽāĻšāϞেāϰ; 
ā§Ģā§Ģ। to end the impunity for extrajudicial deaths-āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒাāϰ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰāϤে; 
ā§Ģā§Ŧ। including  from the United Nations-āϜাāϤিāϏংāϘ āϏāĻš; 
ā§Ģā§­।  the government has been consistent in its  refusal-āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦাāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻāϟা āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে; 
ā§Ģā§Ž। to acknowledge the complicity of certain members of its law  enforcement units-āφāχāύ āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āϞা āĻŦাāĻšিāύীāϰ āχāωāύিāϟেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāĻĻেāϰ āϜ⧜িāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে; 
ā§Ģ⧝। in such deaths-āĻāĻŽāύ āĻšāϤ্āϝāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄে/āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝāϤে; 
ā§Ŧā§Ļ। take action against them-āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύে⧟া; 
ā§Ŧā§§। Our  investigation clearly highlights -āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āύুāϏāύ্āϧাāύে āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াāĻŦে āφāϞোāĻ•āĻĒাāϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে; 
ā§Ŧ⧍। how some units have been allowed to  take the law into their own hand-āĻ•āϤিāĻĒ⧟ āχāωāύিāϟ āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϤে āφāχāύ āϤুāϞে āύি⧟ে āφāϏāĻ›ে; 
ā§Ŧā§Š। for far too long-āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āϧāϰে; 
ā§Ŧā§Ē। with complete  impunity-āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤি āϏāĻšāĻ•াāϰে; 
ā§Ŧā§Ģ। in strict violation of the constitution-āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύেāϰ āϚāϰāĻŽ āϞāĻ™্āϘāύে; 
ā§Ŧā§Ŧ। as defence for these deaths-āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•্āώ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে; 
ā§Ŧā§­। filled with so many  holes and contradictions-āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϤ্āϰুāϟি āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤিāϤে āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ; 
ā§Ŧā§Ž। our home ministry-āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟; 
ā§Ŧ⧝। can no longer remain  oblivious-āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āĻ…āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ—ী āĻĨাāĻ•āϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύা/āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­ুāϞি⧟ে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύা; 
ā§­ā§Ļ। to convince us of-āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦুāĻাāϤে; 
ā§­ā§§। upholding the  rule of law-āφāχāύেāϰ āĻļাāϏāύ āϏāĻŽুāύ্āύāϤ āϰাāĻ–া; 
⧭⧍। sanctity of the Bangladesh Constitution-āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻŽ āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύেāϰ āĻĒāĻŦিāϤ্āϰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻ•āϰ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ; 
ā§­ā§Š। basic  principles of human rights-āĻŽাāύāĻŦাāϧিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āύীāϤি; 
ā§­ā§Ē। in-depth-āĻĒুāĻ™্āĻ–াāύুāĻĒুāĻ™্āĻ–āĻ­াāĻŦে; 
ā§­ā§Ģ। initiate an in-depth and  neutral investigation-āĻĒুāĻ™্āĻ–াāύুāĻĒুāĻ™্āĻ–āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āύিāϰāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāύা āĻ•āϰা; 
ā§­ā§Ŧ। into each case of death-āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϟি āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϰ/āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϰ āϘāϟāύাāϰ; 
ā§­ā§­।  at the hands of these  "trigger-happy" units-āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•āĻŦাāϜ āχāωāύিāϟেāϰ āĻšাāϤে; 
ā§­ā§Ž। take proper action-āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύে⧟া; 
⧭⧝। to bring about systematic  change-āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āφāύāϤে; 
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Prepared by: Md Mohiuddin  
*******āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ•ী⧟āϟি āĻĒ⧜ি******
Complicity of certain law enforcement units in extrajudicial killings
Why are these units so trigger-happy?
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The murder of Major (retired) Sinha has brought to the fore the  disturbingly high number of deaths due to "gunfights", "shootouts", and  "crossfires" at the hands of the police in Teknaf upazila over the last  two years. However, an investigation by the The Daily Star has revealed  that this is not the only law enforcement unit in the country that has  an alarming record of extrajudicial deaths; nor is it just the police  who are implicated in "gunfights," "shootouts" or "crossfires." Based on  analysis of data over the last two years—since the "war on drugs" was  initiated in May 2018—the investigation found that an overwhelming  majority of extrajudicial deaths happen at the hands of three agencies:  the police, Rapid Action Battalion, and Border Guard Bangladesh.  Moreover, some units of these agencies were found to be particularly  "trigger-happy," recording a disproportionate number of deaths compared  to their counterpart units.
For instance, of the 68 deaths due to so-called gunfights in  Chattogram, Feni, Rangamati and Khagrachhari districts, 31 were by one  unit alone, Rab-7, and most of the deaths took place in Banshkhali and  Sitakunda. In Dhaka and surrounding areas, Rab-1 was responsible for 17  deaths due to "shootouts" in this two-year period, while Rab-2 was  responsible for 18. The investigation also analysed the rhetoric or  defence put forward by each unit following these deaths, and found that  they used one particular narrative for almost all the cases under its  jurisdiction and provided no specific details of the incidents or  evidence of law enforcement officials being injured to journalists.
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Despite repeated demands from different quarters nationally and  internationally to end the impunity for extrajudicial deaths, including  from the United Nations, the government has been consistent in its  refusal to acknowledge the complicity of certain members of its law  enforcement units in such deaths and take action against them. Our  investigation clearly highlights how some units have been allowed to  take the law into their own hands for far too long, and with complete  impunity—in strict violation of the constitution. The stories offered by  law enforcement as defence for these deaths are filled with so many  holes and contradictions that our home ministry can no longer remain  oblivious if it is to convince us of its commitment to upholding the  rule of law, sanctity of the Bangladesh Constitution and basic  principles of human rights. The ministry must initiate an in-depth and  neutral investigation into each case of death at the hands of these  "trigger-happy" units and take proper action to bring about systematic  change in the way law enforcement approaches extrajudicial killings.

Prepared by: Md Mohiuddin  Sir.
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ā§§। āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ – āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ


⧍। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āύি⧟ে āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ­ুāϞ āϧাāϰāĻŖা


ā§Š। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ)-āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•্āϝাāĻĄাāϰ āĻāϰ āϰাāϜা āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ē। āϝāĻĻি āĻ•ূāϟāύীāϤিāĻ• āĻšāϤে āϚাāĻ“


ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি - āĻŦাংāϞা


ā§Ŧ। āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āύি⧟ে ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ


ā§­। āχংāϰেāϜিāϰ āϭ⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϜ⧟ āϝা āĻŽাāύāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ


⧝। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ


ā§§ā§Ļ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āϤ্āϰিāĻ•োāĻŖāĻŽিāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽিāϤি


ā§§ā§§। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি


⧧⧍। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•āϰাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟


ā§§ā§Š। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύে āĻ…āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ


ā§§ā§Ē। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āύি⧟ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻĨা


ā§§ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি: āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি


ā§§ā§Ŧ। āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ“ āύৈāϤিāĻ•āϤা⧟ āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•āϰāϤে āϚাāχāϞে


ā§§ā§­। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏেāϰ āĻŦāχ āĻĒ⧜াāχ āϏāĻŦ āύ⧟


ā§§ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤে



https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/08/effective-sentence.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2022/03/all-about-completing-sentences.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/12/rules-of-changing-voice-active-to-passive.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Aenglish-grammarblog.blogspot.com
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https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/04/preposition-shortcut-rules-techniques.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2020/10/blog-post_222.html

https://t.me/englishgrammarblog

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/full-guidelines-for-bcs-written-examination.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/1st-world-war-and-2nd-world-war.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/search/label/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%20-%20Motivation

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/why-do-muslims-commit-terrorism.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/01/transformation-of-sentences.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/bcs-preliminary-test-last-minute-preparation-and-suggestion.html

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āĻāϟি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ:


Literary Terms 


1. Simile (āωāĻĒāĻŽা):

āĻĻুāϟি āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĻুāχāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে as, like, resemble, the same as āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϞােāϰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে simile āĻŦāϞে। 

Example -

• I wandered lonely as a cloud. 

• Youth (is) like summer morn.

• My heart is like a singing bird. 

• He is as cunning as a fox. 


2. Metaphor (āϰূāĻĒāĻ•):

āĻĻুāϟি āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĻুāχāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে comparision āĻāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽূāĻš (āϝেāĻŽāύ: as, such, like āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰেāχ āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে metaphor āĻŦāϞে। 

Example -

• Liza is a rose.

• Life is but a walking shadow. 

• Nazrul is fire.

• My brother was boiling mad. 


Note: āĻāĻ•āχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤুāϞāύা āĻšāϞে ......... Read More 


📓 āĻĒুāϰো āφāϰ্āϟিāĻ•েāϞ/āĻĒোāϏ্āϟāϟি āĻĒāĻĄ়ুāύ