Poetic Justice:
The natural judgment which gives the wicked his due punishment and the virtuous his due reward.
Point of View:
The perspective from which the narrator tells his story. It is also called "viewpoint" or "narrative mode". There are several types of viewpoints. Of them the following ones are most frequently used:
i) First person point of view: In the first person point of view
one of the characters of the narrative tells the story in his own person using first person pronouns (I, me, my, mine, we, our, us, etc.). First person narrator participates in the action of the story.
ii) Third person point of view: In the third person point of view, the narrator is an outer observer without being involved in the action of the story.
It is of two types:
(a) The omniscient point of view;
(b) Limited omniscient point of view.
(a) Omniscient point of view: In this mode of narrative, the narrator does not participate in the action. He or she is all-knowing and narrates thoughts and feelings of the characters using third person pronouns (he, him, she, her, they, them, it, etc.).
(b) Limited omniscient point of view: In this narrative technique, the narrator tells the story in the third person but his or her knowledge remains limited to the experiences, thoughts and feelings of only one character.
Pun or Paronomasia:
A play upon words which are similar in sound but different in meaning. It occurs when a single word conveys two meanings. The title of Hemingway's famous novel, Farewell to Arms has a pun on
it. "Arms" has been used to mean weapons or war and the arms of the beloved or love. Similarly, in the title of Shaw's comedy, Arms and the Man, "arms" is a pun since it means both weapons and.love. Here is an often quoted example of pun from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (Act III, Scene I): "Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man". The "grave man" may mean a man of grave disposition or a dead man. The word "feet" in the following lines means the metres of verse lines but it also suggests legs.
O yes, I heard them all, and more, too, for some of them had in them more feet than the verses would bear.
(Shakespeare: As You Like It, Act III, Scene II)
For my part, I had rather bear with you than bear you. Yet I should bear no cross if I did bear you, for I think you have no money in your purse.
(Shakespeare: As You Like It, Act II, Scene IV)
Touchstone makes fun by punning on the word "bear" which here means 'old coins', 'tolerate', `carry'—carrying troubles, and even carrying a child in womb.
There is another variety of pun where two words of identical sounds but different spellings are used to convey two different meanings. For examples:
• Eat enough and it will make you wise. (Proverb)
• Beggars' cries do not reach (arrive at) the rich (the wealthy).
• Cashiers check (scrutinize) every cheque (bank instrument) before encashment.
Pyrrhic:
A foot of two unstressed syllables. [see Foot]
