Right form of verb

Right form of verb

একবার দেখ তাহলেই বুঝতে পারবা।
ইংরেজি Sentence বা বাক্যে সাধারণত প্রথমে Subject এরপর Verb তারপর Object ও অন্যান্য শব্দাবলি Complement ইত্যাদি রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
আর Subject টি অবশ্যই কোন Noun বা Pronoun হবে। উক্ত Noun বা Pronoun যে Person ও Number এর হবে ঠিক সেই অনুসারে Verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে। নতুবা Grammatical mistake (error) হবে।
অর্থাৎ , Sentence এর Tense ও Subject এর Number এবং Person অনুসারে Verb এর ব্যবহারই হয়ে থাকে। এই Verb এর ব্যবহার হচ্ছে Agreement of the verb with the subject বা Subject- verb agreement.
Rule-1: দুই বা ততোধিক Singular Subject ‘and’ দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে তাদের পরে ব্যবহৃত verb ও pronoun উভয়ই Plural number হয়। যেমন:-
(a) Alamin and Saiful are doing their work.
(b) Anowar and Sakib have finished their home work.
(c) Shathy, Roney and Fahmida are going to their native village.
(d) Habibur and Shathy are always happy.
(e) You, he and I are friends.
Rule-2: And দ্বারা যুক্ত Subject গুলো যদি একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্ত্তকে বুঝায় তাহলে তাদের পরবর্তী Verb ও Pronoun সর্বদাই Sigular হয়। যেমন:-
(a) The Headmaster and Secretary is present.
(b) The President and Secretary of our Club is a very learned man.
(c) Bread and butter is our favourite breakfast.
(d) Slow and steady wins the race.
Rule-3: And দ্বারা যুক্ত দুই বা দুইয়ের অধিক Noun যদি ভিন্ন ভিন্ন ব্যক্তি বা বস্ত্তকে বুঝায় তাহলে তাদের পরবর্তী Verb ও Pronoun সর্বদাই Plural Number হয়। এ ক্ষেত্রে প্রতিটি Noun-এর পূর্বে বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) The Headmaster and the Secretary Were present in the meeting .
(b) The President and the Secretary of our Club
are a very learned .
Rule-4: And দ্বারা যুক্ত Singular Subject যদি একই ভাব বা অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে Verb Sigular হয়। যেমন:-
(a) My name and address is given below.
(b) Bread and better is my favorite breakfast.
(c) Slow and steady wins the race.
Note: Time and tide বা Tow and tow বা three and three ইত্যদি এরূপ subject-এর ক্ষেত্রে উপরোক্ত নিয়মটি প্রযোজ্য নয়। যেমনঃ-
(a)Time and tide wait for none.(waits হবে না)
(b) Two and two make four.( makes হবে না)
(c) Three and three make six. (makes হবে না)
Rule-5: And দ্বারা যুক্ত একাধিক Sigular Subject-এর পূর্বে each, every বা no ব্যবহৃত হলে পরবর্তী Verb-টি Sigular হয়। যেমন:-
(a) Each girl and each boy has got prizes.
(b) Every boy, every girl and every child is/was welcomed.
(c) Every teacher and every student was present in the school.
(d) No teacher and no student is responsible for it.
(e) No farmer and no labourer goes to field in the rainy day.
Rule-6: And দ্বারা যুক্ত একাধিক Subject (Singular/plural)-এর ক্ষেত্রে And-এর পরে পূর্বে no বা not ব্যবহৃত হলে and এর পূর্বে Subject-এর Number ও Person অনুযায়ী Verb-টি বসে। যেমন:-
(a) Taju and not his girl has helped/ Loved me.
(b) They and not we will attend the meeting.
(c) You and not Jahidul are responsible for it.
Rule-7: Adjective- এর কোন plural form নেই, তবে Adjective- এর পূর্বে the বসালে Adjective-টি plural common noun হয় এবং তার পরের verb টি plural হবে। যেমনঃ-
(a) The honest are respected.
(b) The rich are not always happy.
(c) The good are honorable.
(d) The brave are respected by all.
(e) The virtuous are always happy.
Rule-8: কতিপয় Noun গুলো plural এবং পরে plural verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
Aborigines, Alms, Amends, Ashes, Assets, Auspices, Bellows, Bowels, Billiards, Environs, Jaws, Glasses, Mumps, Pants, Shears, Short, Scissors, Spectacles, Trousers ইত্যাদি।
(a) His spectacles are broken.
(b) The scissors are blunt.
Rule-9: Any, Anyone, Anybody, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, No one, Nothing, Nobody, Someone, Somebody, Something, What, Whatever, Whichever, Whoever ইত্যাদি Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এর পরবর্তী Verb টি Singular হয়। যেমনঃ-
(a) Everyone was present in the meeting.
(b) Nobody believes a liar.
(c) Someone is knocking at the door.
(d) Something is better than nothing.
(e) What is your name?
Rule-10: কোন Sentence-এর Subject হিসেবে person এর Noun ও pronoun ব্যবহৃত হলে প্রথম Second person পরে Third person ও শেষে first person বসে। এবং পরবর্তী verb টি plural number হয়। যেমনঃ-
(a) You, he and I are friends.
(b) You, Shathy and I are always happy.
(c) You, Tarak and I were present there.
তবে, দোষ স্বীকার প্রথমে 1st person, পরে 2nd person ও শেষে 3rd person বসে।
(d) I, you and are guilty.
(e) I, you and are responsible for it.
Rule-11: Accompanted by, as well as, along with, in addition to, with, together, with দ্বারা কোন Noun বা Pronoun যুক্ত হলে তার পরবর্তী Verb টি প্রথম Subject ও Number অনুযায়ী বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) I accompanied by my friend have visited the trade fair.
(b) Mahmuda as well as her friends has done well in the examination.
(c) I together with my neighbors was present in the meeting.
(d) Shathy as well as her classmates has helped me.
(e) Some along with her sister was invited to the function.
Rule-12: যদি কোন Clause, Gerund, Phrase, Infinitive বা Verbal Noun কোন Sentence এর Subject হয় তখন Verb Singular হয়। যেমনঃ-
(a) What say is not clear to me. (clause)
(b) Walking is a good exercise. (Gerund)
(c) How to make a cup of tea is not know to my brother. (Phrase)
(d) To err is human. (Infinitive)
(e) The reading of history is interesting. (verbal noun)
Rule-13: যদি বিভিন্ন Person এর Subject দুইটির একটি বুঝাতে either —- or এবং দুইটির একটিও না বুঝাতে neither —– nor দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়। এক্ষেত্রে or বা nor এর পরের noun বা pronoun এর number ও person অনুযায়ী verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) Either Akram or his friends have done it.
(b) Neither the chairman nor the members
were present in the meeting.
(c) Either you or he has done this.
(d) Either Akram or his friend has done it.
(e) Neither my father nor I am to go there.
Rule-14: Mathmatics, Physics, Politics, News, Gallows, Small, Pox ইত্যাদি noun গুলো দেখতে plural হলেও এরা মূলত Singular এবং এদের পরে Singular Verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) Mathematics is my favorite subject.
(b) Local politics is very dirty.
(c) Physics is very hard to understand.
Rule-15: Aristocracy, Cattle, Clergy, Folk, Gentry, People, Pleasantry, Poultry, Vermin, nobility ইত্যাদি noun গুলো দেখতে Singular হলেও এরা মূলত plural এবং এদের পরে plural verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) The clergy are happy.
(b) Cattle were grazing in the field.
(c) The gently of the locality were present in the meeting.
(d) People are looking at the old woman.
Rule-16: বইয়ের নাম, দেশের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও এরা মূলত singular এবং এদের পরে singular verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) The United States of America is a rich country.
(b) Gulliver’s travels is a famous book.
Rule-17: একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ, সময়, দূরত্ব, স্থান, দূরত্ব বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়। যেমনঃ-
(a) Fifty miles is a long way.
(b) Ten maunds is heavy weight.
(c) Fifteen years is a long time.
(d) Forty thousand taka is a good amount of money.
Rule-18: কোন Sentence যদি Introductory “There” দ্বারা শুরম্ন হয় এবং তার পরে যদি Singular number থাকে তাহলে There এর পরে Singular verb বসে। আর plural number থাকলে There এর পরে Plural verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) There is high school in our village.
(b) There are many schools in our areas.
(c) There is only one toilet in the house.
(d) There was a mosque in our village.
(e) There were a large number of people at the concert.
Rule-19: একাংশ যেমন: 1/3,1/4 ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে noun ও verb উভয়ই singular হয়। যেমনঃ-
(a) One third of the mango was rotten.
(b) He has written only one fifty of the letter.
কিন্তু একাংশ ব্যতীত অন্যান্য ভগ্নাংশ যেমন: 2/3,3/4 ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে noun ও verb উভয়ই plural হয়। যেমনঃ-
(a) Five sixes of the mangoes were divided among the boys.
(b) Two thirds of his answers were correct.
Rule-20: Each of, either of, neither of, One of, The use of, The quality of ইত্যাদির পরে plural noun ব্যবহৃত হওয়া সত্বেও তাদের পরে Singular verb বসে। যেমনঃ-
(a) Each of the pen writes well.
(b) Neither of my brother is married.
(b) One of the cousins has come to visit us.
♥♥আরো কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ রুলস নিম্নে দেওয়া হলো♥♥
1. Sentence যদি Present indefinite tense
হয় এবং Subject যদি Third Person singular
number হয়, তবে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যুক্ত
হয়। যেমন:
# She (write) a letter.
Ans.: She writes a letter.
# The baby (cry).
Ans.: The baby cries.
,
2. Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত
থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past
perfect tense এবং পরের অংশ Past
indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
We (reach) our school before the bell
rang.
Ans.: We had reached our school before
the bell rang.
The patient had died before the doctor
(come).
Ans.: The patient had died before the
doctor came.
,
3. After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত
থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past indefinite
tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense
হয়। যেমন:
They arrived the station after the train
(leave).
Ans.: They arrived the station after the
train had left.
The patient (die) after the doctor had
come.
Ans.: The patient died after the doctor
had come.
4. No sooner had ............. than,
5. Scarcely had .......... when,
6. Hardly had .......... when—প্রথম অংশ
Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ
verb-এর Past participle form হবে।
দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past indefinite tense
অনুযায়ী হয়, অর্থাৎ verb-এর Past form
হয়। যেমন:
No sooner had the bell (ring) than the
teacher (enter) the classroom.
Ans.: No sooner had the bell rung than
the teacher entered the classroom.
Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand
when the bus (leave).
Ans.: Scarcely had he arrived at the bus
stand when the bus left.
Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain
when he (run) away.
Ans.: Hardly had the snatcher taken the
chain when he ran away.
,
7. সাধারণত since দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত
থাকলে এবং since-এর আগের অংশ Present
indefinite/Present perfect tense হলে
পরের অংশ Past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন:
It is many years since he (give) up
smoking.
Ans.: It is many years since he gave up
smoking.
Five years have passed since he (leave)
the house.
Ans.: Five years have passed since he left
the house.
,
8.. আবার since দ্বারা clause যুক্ত থাকলে
এবং since-এর আগে clause বা বাক্যের
অংশ Past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ
verb -এর Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
Many years passed since I (meet) him
last.
Ans.: Many years passed since I had met
him last.
It was many years since I (visit) there.
Ans.: It was many years since I had
visited there.
,
9. Passive voice-এ সর্বদা verb-এর past
participle form হয়। যেমন: This work was
(do) by him.
Ans.: This work was done by him.
The problem has been (solve) by him.
Ans.: The problem has been solved by
him.
The school was (close) for sine die.
Ans.: The school was closed for sine die.
,
10. Simple sentence-এ দুটি verb থাকলে
দ্বিতীয় verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয় অথবা
দ্বিতীয় verbটির আগে to বসে।
যেমন: He saw the boy (play) in the field.
Ans.: He saw the boy playing in the field.
I heard him (speak).
Ans.: I heard him speaking.
He helps me (make) the house.
Ans.: He helps me making the house.
,
12. Note : দ্বিতীয় verbটি যদি উদ্দেশ্য
বোঝাতে ব্যবহূত হয় তবে দ্বিতীয় verb-এর
আগে to বসে।
যেমন: I went to the library (read)
newspaper.
Ans.: I went to the library to read
newspaper.
He repaired the boat (sell) it.
Ans.: He repaired the boat to sell it.
,
13. Modal auxiliary verb যেমন : can,
could, may, might, should, would, ought
to, used to, must ইত্যাদি থাকলে মূল
verb-এর present form হয়। যেমন: He can
(do) it easily. Ans.: He can do it easily.
Everybody should (respect) his parents.
Ans.: Everybody should respect his
parents.
It may (rain) today. Ans.: It may rain
today.
,
14. সাধারণত sentence যদি ভবিষ্যৎ
নির্দেশক শব্দ বা phrase যেমন:
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in
future, next ইত্যাদি থাকলে future
indefinite tense হবে এবং verb-এর
present form বসে। যেমন: I (go) to Dhaka
tomorrow.
Ans.: I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.
He (join) there the next day.
Ans.: He will join there the next day.
,
15. Sentence-এর subject singular number
হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural
হলে verb plural number হয়।
যেমন: The taste of the mangoes (to be)
sour.
Ans.: The taste of the mangoes is sour.
The flowers of the garden (to be)
beautiful.
Ans.: The flowers of the garden are
beautiful.
These papers (to be) printed.
Ans.: These papers are printed.
,
16. মূল verb-এর আগে to be বা having
থাকলে verb-এর past participle form হয়।
যেমন: A community centre is going to be
(establish).
Ans.: A community centre is going to be
established.
I do not mind (have) a cup of coffee.
Ans.: I do not mind having a cup of
coffee.
He went home (have) his salary.
Ans.: He went home having his salary.
,
17. সাধারণত It is time, it is high time,
wish ইত্যাদির পরে subject ও bracket-এ
মূল verb থাকলে verb-এর past form হয়।
যেমন: It is time you (finish) a course on
English language.
Ans.: It is time you finished a course on
English language.
I wish I (sing). Ans.: I wish I sang.
,
আবার, It is time, it is high time-এর পর
যদি bracket-এ মূল verb থাকে, তবে ওই
verb-এর আগে to বসবে এবং ওই verb
অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
যেমন: It is time (play). Ans.: It is time to
play.
It is high time (stand) by the flood-
affected people.
Ans.: It is high time to stand by the flood-
affected people.
,
18. As if, as though, wish ইত্যাদি থাকলে
subject-এর পরে be verb-এর পরিবর্তে
were বসে। যেমন: He behaves as if he
(be) a leader.
Ans.: He behaves as if he were a leader.
I wish I (be) a millionaire.
Ans.: I wish I were a millionaire.
,
19. As if, as though দ্বারা দুটি clause
যুক্ত থাকলে প্রথম clauseটি Present tense
হলে পরবর্তী clauseটি Past indefinite হয়।
প্রথম clauseটি Past tense হলে পরের
clauseটি Past perfect tense হয়। যেমন:
He behaves as if he (buy) the car.
Ans.: He behaves as if he bought the car.
He spoke as though he (do) a great task.
Ans.: He spoke as though he had done a
great task.
,
20. While যুক্ত sentence-এ while-এর পরে
verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।
আবার while-এর পরে subject থাকলে Past
continuous tense হয়। যেমন: While (take)
dinner, he received the phone. Ans.:
While taking dinner, he received the
phone.
While I (play) in the field, I saw him
coming.
Ans.: While I was playing in the field, I
saw him coming.
,
21. Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে
lest-এর পরবর্তী subject-এর সঙ্গে
auxiliary verb ‘should’/
‘might’ বসে। যেমন: Read attentively lest
you (fail) in the examination.
Ans.: Read attentively lest you should fail
in the examination.
Walk fast lest you (be) late in your class.
Ans.: Walk fast lest you might be late in
your class.
,
22. Would that দ্বারা sentence শুরু হলে
subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং মূল verb-
এর Present form হয়। যেমন: Would that I
(be) a bird! Ans.: Would that I could be a
bird!
Would that I (visit) Cox’s Bazar .
Ans.: Would that I could visit Cox’s Bazar.
,
23. সাধারণত each, one of, every, either,
neither ইত্যাদি দ্বারা কোনো subject
গঠিত হলে সেটি third person singular
number হয়। তাই এদের পরের verbটিও
singular number হয়। যেমন: Each boy
(come) here. Ans.: Each boy comes here.
Everybody (wish) to be happy. Ans.:
Everybody wishes to be happy.
,
24. Adjective-এর আগে the বসলে
subjectটি plural হয় এবং তদনুযায়ী verb
বসে।
যেমন: The virtuous (to be) blessed.
Ans.: The virtuous are blessed.
The poor (live) from hand to mouth.
Ans.: The poor live from hand to mouth.
25. Titles, names, phrase of measurement
দেখতে plural হলেও singular verb হয়।
যেমন: Thirty miles (to be) a long way.
Ans.: Thirty miles is a long way.
Star Wars (to be) an excellent movie.
Ans.: Star Wars is an excellent movie.
Eight hours (to be) a long time to work.
Ans.: Eight hours is a long time to work.
,
26. কোনো sentence ‘It’ দ্বারা শুরু হলে
পরবর্তী verb singular হয়।
যেমন: It (to be) difficult to do.
Ans.: It is difficult to do.
It (to be) you who have done this.
Ans.: It is you who have done this.
,
27. কোনো sentence যদি introductory
there দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তারপর singular
number থাকে, there-এর singular verb হয়।
আর যদি there-এর পরে plural number
থাকে তবে plural verb হয়।
যেমন: There (to be) a big river beside our
village.
Ans.: There was a big river beside our
village.
There (to be) a lot of work left for us.
Ans.: There were a lot of work left for us.
,
28. Let, had better, had rather, would
better, would rather ইত্যাদি থাকলে
form বসে।
যেমন: I would rather die than (beg) .
Ans.: I would rather die than beg.
Would you let me (go) there?
Ans.: Would you let me go there?
,
29. If যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Present
indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Future
indefinite হয়, অর্থাৎ structureটি হয় ‘If +
Present + Future’.
যেমন: If you work hard, you (prosper) in
life.
Ans.: If you work hard, you will prosper in
life.
If he reads more he (pass) in the
examination.
Ans.: If he reads more, he will pass in the
examination.
,
30. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ
Indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-
এর পরে would/could/
might বসে এবং verb-এর Present form
হয়। অর্থাৎ, structureটি হয় ‘If + Past
indefinite’—(Subject + would/could/might
+ verb-এর Present form)।
যেমন: If he agreed, I (give) the money.
Ans.: If he agreed, I would give the
money.
If you studied, you (get) a good result.
Ans.: If you studied, you would get a good
result.
If they tried, they (succeed).
Ans.: If they tried, they would succeed.
,
31. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথম অংশ Past
perfect tense হলে পরের অংশে subject-এর
পরে would have/could have/might have
বসে এবং verb-এর Past participle form
হয়।
যেমন: If you had finished it sincerely, you
(get) a profit. Ans.: If you had finished it
sincerely, you would have got a profit.
If I had possessed vast wealth, I (help)
the poor people.
Ans.: If I had possessed vast wealth, I
would have helped the poor people.
,
32. To ব্যাতিত preposition-এর পরের
verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন: He is now engaged in (read).
Ans.: He is now engaged in reading.
One can gather knowledge by (travel).
Ans.: One can gather knowledge by
traveling.
,
33. Can not help, could not help, look
forward to, with a view to, get used to,would you mind,
mind ইত্যাদির পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing
যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন: He came to Dhaka with a view to
(find) a job.
Ans.: He came to Dhaka with a view to
finding a job.
I cannot help (laugh).
Ans.: I cannot help laughing.
,
34. কোনো sentence-এর শুরুতে subject-এর
স্থানে verb থাকলে verb-এর সঙ্গে ing
যোগ হয়।
যেমন: (To swim) is a good exercise.
Ans.: Swimming is a good exercise.
(To speak) is an art.
Ans.: Speaking is an art.
,
35. If-যুক্ত clause-এর প্রথমটিতে subject-
এর পর were থাকলে দ্বিতীয় অংশে
subject-এর পরে would/could/ might বসে
এবং verb-এর Present from বসে। আবার,
would have/could have/would have-ও
বসতে পারে। সে ক্ষেত্রে verb-এর Past
participle form বসে।
যেমন: If I were an artist, I (draw) a nice
picture.
Ans: If I were a artist, I would draw a nice
picture.
If I were a billionaire, I (establish) a
hospital for the poor.
Ans.: If I were a billionaire, I would
establish a hospital for the poor.
,
36. Had-এর পরে subject এবং verb-এর
Past participle থাকলে পরবর্তী clause-এর
subject-এর পরে would have/could have/
might have + verb-এর Past participle form
বসে।
যেমন: Had I been a teacher, I (talk) the
real story to my students.
Ans.: Had I been a teacher, I would have
talked the real story to my students.
,
37. Verb ‘to be’-বিহীন sentence-কে
negative বা interrogative করতে হলে
tense ও subject-এর number ও person
অনুসারে do, does, did ব্যবহার করতে
হবে।
যেমন: We not (play) Ha-du-du.
Ans.: We do not play Ha-du-du.
She not (play) football.
Ans.: She does not play football.
,
38. সাধারণত preposition—on, in of, for,
from, by, after at, beyond, upon, against,
with, without, before ইত্যাদি—এর পরে
verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।
Rina is busy in (do) her homework.
Ans.: Rina is busy in doing her homework.
Keep on (try) hard.
Ans.: Keep on trying hard.
,
39. Interrogative sentence যদি who,
what, why, which, when, where, whose,
how ইত্যাদি question word দ্বারা শুরু
হয়, তাহলে subject-এর আগে tense ও
person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ব্যবহার
করতে হবে।
Why he (look) so happy?
Ans.: Why does he look so happy?
When father (come)?
Ans.: When will father come?
,
40. সাধারণত নিচে লিখিত verb-গুলোর
পরে gerund বসে। যেমন: admit, enjoy,
report, appreciate, finish, recent, avoid,
mind, resist, miss, resume,m consider,
postpone, risk, delay, practice, suggest,
escape, imagine, save, recall, prevent,
propose, stop, deny, quit ইত্যাদি।
We enjoy (watch) TV.
Ans.: We enjoy watching TV.
I have finished (writing).
Ans.: I have finished writing