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The Daily Star Editorial

August 15, 2020
The Daily Star Editorial
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āĻļিāϰোāύাāĻŽ: Planning ministry frustrated with the state of development projects!
=āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟ āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨ!
But will it take steps to rectify the problems hindering timely implementation?
=āϤāĻŦে, āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻŽāϤ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻŦিāϘ্āύিāϤ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāĻ—ুāϞি āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύে⧟া āĻšāĻŦে āĻ•ি?
=āϤāĻŦে, āϝāĻĨাāϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰা⧟āĻ—ুāϞি āĻĻূāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āύে⧟া āĻšāĻŦে āĻ•ি? 
Prepared by: Md Mohiuddin
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āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ—ুāϞি āϜেāύে āύিāχ
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ā§§। Planning ministry-āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟; 
⧍। frustrated with -āĻšāϤাāĻļ; āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨ; 
ā§Š। the state of development projects-āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻšাāϞ/āĻĒāϰিāϏ্āĻĨিāϤি/āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা/āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ; 
ā§Ē। But -āϤāĻŦে; āĻ•িāύ্āϤু; 
ā§Ģ। take steps-āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύে⧟া; 
ā§Ŧ। to rectify the problems-āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāĻ—ুāϞি āϏāĻŽāϧাāύে; 
ā§­। hindering timely implementation-āϝāĻĨাāϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻŦিāϘ্āύিāϤ āĻ•āϰাāϰ; 
ā§Ž। We share-āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύা⧟/ āϜাāύি⧟েāĻ›ি;
⧝। the planning ministry's frustration-āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟েāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨāϤা; 
ā§§ā§Ļ। over repeated  modifications-āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āύি⧟ে; 
ā§§ā§§। in projects-āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒে; āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻ—ুāϞিāϤে; 
⧧⧍। long delays-āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ āĻŦিāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦ; 
ā§§ā§Š। increased costs-āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি; 
ā§§ā§Ē। failure to  conduct-āϚাāϞাāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨāϤা; 
ā§§ā§Ģ। proper feasibility tests-āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦ্āϝāϤা āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা; 
ā§§ā§Ŧ। flouting of rules and regulations  of high-ups-āωāϚ্āϚ āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟েāϰ āφāχāύ-āĻ•াāύুāύ āĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—/āϤাāϚ্āĻ›িāϞ্āϝāĻ•āϰāĻŖ; 
ā§§ā§­। long-standing problems-āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ āĻŽে⧟াāĻĻী āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা; 
ā§§ā§Ž। hinder -āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ āĻ•āϰা; āĻŦিāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦিāϤ āĻ•āϰা; 
⧧⧝। the  efficient implementation-āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ; 
⧍ā§Ļ। development schemes-āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা; 
⧍⧧। At a meeting of  secretaries-āϏāϚিāĻŦāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻ• āĻŽিāϟিং āĻ/āĻ…āϧিāĻŦেāĻļāύে; 
⧍⧍। from all ministries and divisions, concerns-āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟ āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ—েāϰ;  
ā§¨ā§Š। were also raised -āωāϤ্āĻĨাāĻĒিāϤāĻ“ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ; 
⧍ā§Ē। as many as eight or nine projects- ā§Ž/⧝ āϟাāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ; 
⧍ā§Ģ। at a time-āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে; 
⧍ā§Ŧ।  even though-āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•ি; 
⧍⧭। there are rules stating that-āĻŦিāϧি/āύি⧟āĻŽ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϝে; 
ā§¨ā§Ž। one person cannot be -āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āύা; 
⧍⧝। the  director for multiple projects-āĻāĻ•াāϧিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāĻ•; 
ā§Šā§Ļ। Directors are absent from project sites-āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āϚিāϤ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāĻ•āϰা āĻ…āύুāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে; 
ā§Šā§§। officials design the project-āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϰ্āϤাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āύāĻ•āĻļা āĻ•āϰে; 
ā§Šā§¨।   without testing its feasibility-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦ্āϝāϤা āϝাāϚাāχ āĻ•āϰা āĻ›া⧜াāχ/āĻŦ্āϝāϤীāϤ; 
ā§Šā§Š। as a  result -āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞে; 
ā§Šā§Ē। costs increase-āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒা⧟/āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦা⧜ে; 
ā§Šā§Ģ। there is lag in implementation-āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻĒিāĻ›ি⧟ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে; 
ā§Šā§Ŧ। Even the Planning Minister MA Mannan admitted that-āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•ি āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻāĻŽāĻ āĻŽাāύ্āύাāύ āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ āϝে; 
ā§Šā§­। rules get "ignored on some occasions"-āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āύি⧟āĻŽ āĻ­āĻ™্āĻ— āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে; 
ā§Šā§Ž। Cabinet Secretary-āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻĒāϰিāώāĻĻ āϏāϚিāĻŦ; 
ā§Šā§¯। reminded the  secretaries that-āϏāϚিāĻŦāĻĻেāϰāĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦāϰāĻŖ/āĻŽāύে  āĻ•āϰি⧟ে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›েāύ; 
ā§Ēā§Ļ। provisions for punishment-āĻļাāϏ্āϤিāϰ āĻŦিāϧাāύ; 
ā§Ēā§§। if rules and  regulations are not followed-āύি⧟āĻŽ-āύীāϤি āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āύা āĻšāϞে; 
ā§Ē⧍। Cost escalations-āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি; 
ā§Ēā§Š। modification of component-āĻ…āĻŦ⧟āĻŦেāϰ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ; 
ā§Ēā§Ē। time extensions -āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি;
ā§Ēā§Ģ। unfortunately-āĻĻুāϰ্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে; 
ā§Ēā§Ŧ। become a norm-āύি⧟āĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা; 
ā§Ēā§­। we  appreciate-āφāĻŽāϰা āϏāĻšāĻŽāϤ āĻĒোāώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি/āϤাāϰিāĻĢ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি; 
ā§Ēā§Ž। the planning ministry's-āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰ; 
ā§Ē⧝। candour and concern-āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻŦাāĻĻিāϤা āĻāĻŦং āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—; 
ā§Ģā§Ļ। in this regard-āĻāχ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে; 
ā§Ģā§§। we can't help but wonder-āφāĻŽāϰা āĻ…āĻŦাāĻ• āύা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĒাāϰি āύা; 
ā§Ģ⧍। steps, if any, it has taken -āϝāĻĻি āĻ•োāύো āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώāĻĒ āύে⧟া āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĨাāĻ•ে; 
ā§Ģā§Š। over the years-āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰে; 
ā§Ģā§Ē। to ensure that rules-āϐ āύি⧟āĻŽāĻ—ুāϞো āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻŖে/āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে; 
ā§Ģā§Ģ। project deadlines are followed-āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻļেāώ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿ; 
ā§Ģā§Ŧ। corruption-āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤ; 
ā§Ģā§­। put in check-āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āύিāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰা; 
ā§Ģā§Ž। the implementation phases-āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟; 
ā§Ģ⧝। repeated instances of corruption-āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟাāύ্āϤ; 
ā§Ŧā§Ļ। inefficiency-āĻ…āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা; 
ā§Ŧā§§। a lack of  foresight-āĻĻুāϰāĻĻāϰ্āĻļিāϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ; 
ā§Ŧ⧍। no  one has been held responsible for-āĻ•েāω āĻĻা⧟ী āĻšā§Ÿāύি; 
ā§Ŧā§Š। the exponential increase-āϏূāϚāĻ•ী⧟/āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি; 
ā§Ŧā§Ē।  in costs -āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ে; 
ā§Ŧā§Ģ। the unacceptable delays in implementation-āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύে āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻŦিāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦ; 
ā§Ŧā§Ŧ। ordinary citizens-āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖ; 
ā§Ŧā§­।  i.e-āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž; 
ā§Ŧā§Ž। taxpayers-āĻ•āϰāĻĻাāϤা; 
ā§Ŧ⧝। We were encouraged -āφāĻŽāϰা āφāĻļাāύ্āĻŦিāϤ/āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ; 
ā§­ā§Ļ।  last year when he announced that-āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϤিāύি āϝāĻ–āύ āϘোāώāĻŖা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ āϝে; 
ā§­ā§§। no project would be revised  -āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে āύা; 
⧭⧍। more than twice-āĻĻুāχāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি; āĻĻু⧟েāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•; 
ā§­ā§Š। implementation agencies-āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা; 
ā§­ā§Ē। explain  any delay-āĻ•োāύো āϧāϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻŦিāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–া āĻĻে⧟া; 
ā§­ā§Ģ। but it remains unclear -āϤāĻŦে āĻāϟা āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে āĻ…āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ; 
ā§­ā§Ŧ। announcement was realised-āϘোāώāĻŖা āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟িāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ; 
ā§­ā§­। approved-āĻ…āύুāĻŽোāĻĻāύ āĻĻে⧟া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ৈ; 
ā§­ā§Ž। 18  amended projects-ā§§ā§Žāϟি āϏংāĻļোāϧিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ; 
⧭⧝। under nine ministries-⧝āϟি āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟েāϰ āĻ…āϧীāύ; 
ā§Žā§Ļ। in June and  July this year-āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜুāύ, āϜুāϞাāχ āĻŽাāϏে; 
ā§Žā§§। on average-āĻ—ā§œে; 
ā§Žā§¨। the cost of these projects  increased -āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝ⧟/āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›ে/āĻŦে⧜েāĻ›ে; 
ā§Žā§Š। unacceptable-āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝোāĻ—্āϝ; 
ā§Žā§Ē। We urge the concerned ministries-āφāĻŽāϰা āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖাāϞ⧟āĻ—ুāϞিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āφāĻšāĻŦাāύ āϜাāύাāϚ্āĻ›ি; 
ā§Žā§Ģ। particularly -āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•āϰে; 
ā§Žā§Ŧ। take urgent and exacting steps-āĻĻ্āϰুāϤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻ োāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύে⧟া; 
ā§Žā§­। rectify the long-standing issues-āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻŽে⧟াāĻĻী āχāϏ্āϝু āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻ•āϰা;  
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Prepared by: Md Mohiuddin
********āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāĻ•ী⧟āϟি āĻĒ⧜ি********
Planning ministry frustrated with the state of development projects!
But will it take steps to rectify the problems hindering timely implementation?
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We share the planning ministry's frustration over repeated  modifications in projects, long delays, increased costs, failure to  conduct proper feasibility tests and flouting of rules and regulations  of high-ups, among other long-standing problems that hinder the  efficient implementation of development schemes. At a meeting of  secretaries from all ministries and divisions, concerns were also raised  about people directing as many as eight or nine projects at a time,  even though there are rules stating that one person cannot be the  director for multiple projects. Directors are absent from project sites  and officials design the project without testing its feasibility, as a  result of which costs increase and there is lag in implementation. Even  the Planning Minister MA Mannan admitted that rules get "ignored on some  occasions" while Cabinet Secretary Khandker Anwarul Islam reminded the  secretaries that there are provisions for punishment if rules and  regulations are not followed.
Cost escalations, modification of components and time extensions of  development projects have, unfortunately, become a norm, and while we  appreciate the planning ministry's candour and concern in this regard,  we can't help but wonder what steps, if any, it has taken over the years  to ensure that rules and project deadlines are followed and that  corruption is put in check from the design to the implementation phases.  Despite repeated instances of corruption, inefficiency and a lack of  foresight on the part of those directing and designing the projects, no  one has been held responsible for the exponential increase in costs or  the unacceptable delays in implementation, for which ordinary citizens,  i.e. taxpayers, have to suffer. We were encouraged by the planning  minister last year when he announced that no project would be revised  more than twice and that implementation agencies would have to explain  any delay, but it remains unclear if, and to what extent, that  announcement was realised.

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A working paper by the planning ministry stated that it approved 18  amended projects worth Tk 51,113 crore under nine ministries in June and  July this year, but that on average, the cost of these projects  increased by 34.86 percent—in some cases, the cost increased by 100  percent. This is unacceptable. We urge the concerned ministries,  particularly the planning ministry, to take urgent and exacting steps to  rectify the long-standing issues impeding the timely and cost-effective  implementation of development projects. 

Prepared by: Md Mohiuddin Sir.
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ā§§। āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ – āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ


⧍। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āύি⧟ে āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ­ুāϞ āϧাāϰāĻŖা


ā§Š। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ)-āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•্āϝাāĻĄাāϰ āĻāϰ āϰাāϜা āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ē। āϝāĻĻি āĻ•ূāϟāύীāϤিāĻ• āĻšāϤে āϚাāĻ“


ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি - āĻŦাংāϞা


ā§Ŧ। āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āύি⧟ে ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ


ā§­। āχংāϰেāϜিāϰ āϭ⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϜ⧟ āϝা āĻŽাāύāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ


⧝। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ


ā§§ā§Ļ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āϤ্āϰিāĻ•োāĻŖāĻŽিāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽিāϤি


ā§§ā§§। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি


⧧⧍। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•āϰাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟


ā§§ā§Š। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύে āĻ…āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ


ā§§ā§Ē। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āύি⧟ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻĨা


ā§§ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি: āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি


ā§§ā§Ŧ। āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ“ āύৈāϤিāĻ•āϤা⧟ āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•āϰāϤে āϚাāχāϞে


ā§§ā§­। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏেāϰ āĻŦāχ āĻĒ⧜াāχ āϏāĻŦ āύ⧟


ā§§ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤে



https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/08/effective-sentence.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2022/03/all-about-completing-sentences.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/12/rules-of-changing-voice-active-to-passive.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Aenglish-grammarblog.blogspot.com
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https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/04/preposition-shortcut-rules-techniques.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2020/10/blog-post_222.html

https://t.me/englishgrammarblog

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/full-guidelines-for-bcs-written-examination.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/1st-world-war-and-2nd-world-war.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/search/label/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%20-%20Motivation

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/why-do-muslims-commit-terrorism.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/01/transformation-of-sentences.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/bcs-preliminary-test-last-minute-preparation-and-suggestion.html

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#āĻ“āϏāĻŽাāύি #āφāϤ্āĻŽāϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύ #āĻŽিāĻļāϰ #Egypt ā§§. āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ ā§§. āĻš্āϝাāύ্āĻĄāύোāϟ āĻāĻŦং āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻŦāĻšুāϞ āϚিāϤ্āϰ ā§§ā§Ļ. āύৈāϤিāĻ•āϤা āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāĻŦোāϧ āĻ“ āϏুāĻļাāϏāύ ā§§ā§§. āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ ⧍. āχংāϰেāϜি āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ ā§Š. āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻŦāϞি ā§Ē. āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻŦāϞি ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύোāϤ্āϤāϰ: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ-āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি 43rd BCS ā§Ģ. āĻ­াāχāĻ­া āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄ ā§Ģ. āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ (āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ) āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা ā§Ģ⧍ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§­ā§§ ā§Ŧ. āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ ā§­ āĻŽাāϰ্āϚ ā§­. āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি ā§Ž. āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ•্āϤি ⧝. āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖা āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖা - Motivation āφāχāύāĻ•াāύুāύ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāώ⧟: āϏীāĻŽাāϰেāĻ–া āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āϏীāĻŽাāϰেāĻ–া āφāĻĒāĻĄেāϟ āφāĻĒāĻĄেāϟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āφāĻŦিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āφāĻŦিāώ্āĻ•াāϰāĻ• āφāϞোāϚিāϤ ā§§ā§§ āϜāύ āĻ•āĻŦি-āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āĻ“ āϤাঁāĻĻেāϰ āϰāϚāύাāĻŦāϞী āχংāϰেāϜি āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āωāĻĒাāϧি āĻ“ āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽ āĻāϟāϰ্āύি āϜেāύাāϰেāϞ āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āύাāĻŽ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤি āϚāϰ্āϝাāĻĒāĻĻ āϚāϰ্āϝাāĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ—āĻŖ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āϜ্āĻžাāύ-āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻļাāĻ–া āĻāĻŦং āϜāύāĻ• āϜ্āϝাāĻŽিāϤিāĻ• āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϰা āύāĻĻ-āύāĻĻী āύāĻŦāĻŽ-āĻĻāĻļāĻŽ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϤ্āϰিāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāύীāϤি āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ V. V. V. I. āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা āĻĒāϰিāĻŽিāϤিāϰ (Mensuration) āϏূāϤ্āϰাāĻŦāϞিāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻĒাঁāϚāĻŽিāĻļাāϞী āϤāĻĨ্āϝ + āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻĒাāϰিāĻ­াāώিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒুāϰাāϤāύ āĻ“ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤিāĻšীāύ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻĢāϞা āĻāĻŦং āϝুāĻ•্āϤাāĻ•্āώāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻĢিāϞিāϏ্āϤিāύ Palestine āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏেāϰ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ-āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻŦেāώ āĻŦāĻ™্āĻ—āĻŦāύ্āϧু āϏ্āϝাāϟেāϞাāχāϟ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ“ āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽিāϞāĻŦāύ্āϧāύ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻĻুāχ āĻŽāĻšাāϰāĻĨী āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻĒāϰিāϚāϝ় āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻŦāϞি āĻŦাāĻ—āϧাāϰা āĻŦাāύাāύ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻ­াāχāĻ­া āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāϜীāĻŦী āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ­াāώা āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ­ৌāĻ—োāϞিāĻ• āωāĻĒāύাāĻŽ āĻ­্āϝাāĻ•āϏিāύ āĻ•ূāϟāύীāϤি āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽāĻĄেāϞ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻŽāĻĄেāϞāϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻŦীāϰāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ–েāϤাāĻŦ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻ­াāĻŖ্āĻĄাāϰ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖ āϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ—াāχāĻĄāϞাāχāύ āϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āϞেāĻ–া āĻ“ āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšুāϰ্āϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ  āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞি ✏️✏️ āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύী āϏāĻĻāϰ-āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ āϏāĻ­্āϝāϤা āϏāĻŽাāϏ āϏাāϜেāĻļāύ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ-āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāϰ্āĻ— āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻ•āύāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝ āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨāĻĒāϤি āϏ্āĻĒোāĻ•েāύ āχংāϞিāĻļ All Things Review Bangladesh Constitution BCS Preliminary Question Analysis BCS Preparation Special Episodes BCS Questions Earn Money Eat Chew Drink Take Have ? English Grammar English Grammar Exercises with Answers English Grammar Test English Literature Essay Writing General Science ICT Idioms and Phrases International financial institutions Love Stories in Literature Nobel Prize One Word Substitution Preposition Quiz Redundancy āĻŦাāĻšুāϞ্āϝ (āĻĻোāώ) Shortcut to Preposition Spoken English Terrorism Transformation of Sentences 👍 Translation United Nations Vocabulary Warrant of Precedence World Wars

āĻāϟি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ:


Literary Terms 


1. Simile (āωāĻĒāĻŽা):

āĻĻুāϟি āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĻুāχāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে as, like, resemble, the same as āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϞােāϰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে simile āĻŦāϞে। 

Example -

• I wandered lonely as a cloud. 

• Youth (is) like summer morn.

• My heart is like a singing bird. 

• He is as cunning as a fox. 


2. Metaphor (āϰূāĻĒāĻ•):

āĻĻুāϟি āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĻুāχāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে comparision āĻāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽূāĻš (āϝেāĻŽāύ: as, such, like āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰেāχ āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে metaphor āĻŦāϞে। 

Example -

• Liza is a rose.

• Life is but a walking shadow. 

• Nazrul is fire.

• My brother was boiling mad. 


Note: āĻāĻ•āχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤুāϞāύা āĻšāϞে ......... Read More 


📓 āĻĒুāϰো āφāϰ্āϟিāĻ•েāϞ/āĻĒোāϏ্āϟāϟি āĻĒāĻĄ়ুāύ