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English Literature

English Literature

★ Old English literature (450-1066)
Middle English literature (1066-1500)
– ( 1066-1340- The Aglo Norman Age)
– (1340-1400- Age of Geoffrey Chaucer )
– (1400-1485 – The Barren age)
★ English Renaissance ( 1500-1660)
– (1500-1558- The Preparation Age)
– ( Elizabethan & Jacobean Period -1558-1625)

★ ( Edmund Spencer, Christopher Marlowe, Sir Walter Raleigh, Ben Jonson, William Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd) (Memory Clue: Walter & Kyd JSC āĻĻিāϞ )

★ (1625-1660- The Caroline Age)

– (1649-1660- The Commonwealth) (Jhon Dryden, Jhon Milton, Jhon Buniyon)

★ Neo-Classical period (1660-1798)
– (Restoration Age – 1660-1700)
– (Augustan Literature- 1700-1750)
– (Age of Sensibility- 1750-1798)

★ 19th century literature ( *Romanticism- 1798-1832,
*Victorian literature- 1832-1901)

English literature since 1901 ( Modernism- 1901-1939)
– The Edwardian Period (1901-1910)
– The Georgian Period. (1911-1939)

★ The Post modern Period (1939- present)
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Anglo-Saxon:
• Caedmon – āĻ্āϝাংāϞো-āϏ্āϝাāĻ•্āϏāύ āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻŽিāϞ্āϟāύ āύাāĻŽে āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤ। Genesis andd Exodus of the Judith āϤাঁāϰ āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ।
• Cynewulf – Juliana āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝ।
• Adam Bede: The Ecclesiastical History of the English āϤাঁāϰ āϧāϰ্āĻŽী⧟ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•িāϤ āĻŦāχ।
• Bewulf – āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϞāĻŽ্āĻŦা āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা।

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Geoffrey Chacer (1343-1400)
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• Father of modern English Poetry.
• āϤিāύি āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϝুāĻ—েāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļ্āϰāώ্āĻ  āĻ•āĻŦি।
• āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦাāĻŦা āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা⧟ী।
• āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨঃ (BC HeLP)
– The Book of Duchess
– The Canterbury Tales
– The House of Fame.
– The Legend of Good Women
– The Parliament of Fowls.

John Wicliff: Translated Bible into English.

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★ The Rennaissance Period (1500-1660)
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• Renaissance āĻ•āĻĨাāϟিāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ – āĻĒুāύāϰ্āϜāύ্āĻŽ (rebirth)
• Nicholas Udall- Considered as first writer of comedy. āϤাঁāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽেāĻĄি Ralph Roister Doister.

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The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)
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• Henry VIII āĻāϰ āĻ•āύ্āϝা āϰাāĻŖী āĻāϞিāϜাāĻŦেāĻĨেāϰ āύাāĻŽাāύুāϏাāϰে āĻ āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে Elizabethan Period.
• āĻ āϝুāĻ—āĻ•ে āϏ্āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāϝুāĻ— āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ।

• āĻ•āĻŦিāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ EF MS KB
(Edmund Spencer, Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟āϰ, Ben Johnson, Thomas Kyd)

University Wits ( Marlowe, Kyd, Nashe, Greene, Pelee, Lodge)

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Edmund Spencer (***)
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– Called Poet of Poets
– The Shepherds Canlendar. ( āĻ āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝ āϟি āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰে āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝাāύ)
– Prince of poet in his time (āϤাāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϧিāϤে āϞেāĻ–া)
– The Faerie Queen (āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝ)
āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻŦāϏ্āϤুঃ āĻĒāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϰাāĻŖী āĻ—্āϞোāϰি⧟াāύা ⧧⧍ āĻĻিāύāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻŦেāϰ āĻ…া⧟োāϜāύ āĻ•āϰে। āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāϞ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒী⧜িāϤ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻāϏে āĻĻৈāϤ্āϝāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰে āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āĻ…াāϰ āϰাāĻŖী āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦীāϰāĻ•ে āĻāχ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒী⧜āύ āĻŦāύ্āϧেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻ ি⧟ে āĻĻেāύ। āĻāχ āĻŦাāϰোāϜāύ āĻŦীāϰেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāχ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝে।

– Astrophel
– Amoretti
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Francis Bacon
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-Essayist
-Father of English Prose
– master of aphorism.
– āĻĒাāϰ্āϞাāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ āĻ›িāϞেāύ।
– GSP ( Of Great Place, Of Studies, Of Truth, Of Plantation)
– Revenge is a kind of wild justice.
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Quote:
• Reading maketh a full, conference a ready man, writing an exact man.

• Some books are to be tasted , others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested ”

• Opportunity makes a thief.

– Father of English Tragedy
– True Founder of English Drama.
– Pioneer of Blank Verses.
• Drama
– The Tragedical History of Dr. Faustus (āĻ…āĻŽিāϤ্āϰাāĻ•্āώāϰ āĻ›āύ্āĻĻে āϞেāĻ–া)
– The Jew of Malta
– Tamburlaine, the Great (1589)

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Shakespeare (āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟āϰ) (1564-1616)
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* āύিāϰāĻĻ āϏি āϚৌāϧুāϰী āϤাঁāϰ “The Autobiography of an Unkown Indian” āĻŦāχāϤে āĻŦāϞেāĻ›েāύ-
“āĻŽাāύুāώ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻ­āĻ—āĻŦাāύāĻ•ে āĻĒূāϜো āĻ•āϰে, āĻŦাāĻ™্āĻ—াāϞীāϰা āϤেāĻŽāύি āĻ•āϰে āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰāĻ•ে āĻĒূāϜো āĻ•āϰে। ”

* āϜāύ্āĻŽঃ 1564 āϏাāϞেāϰ 23 āĻļে āĻāĻĒ্āϰিāϞ Stratford of Avon āĻļāĻšāϰে।

* āĻĒিāϤা āϜāύ āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰ āĻ›িāϞেāύ Stratford of Avon āĻļāĻšāϰেāϰ āĻĒৌāϰāϏāĻ­াāϰ āĻŽে⧟āϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽা āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻŽেāϰী āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰ ।

* āωāχāϞি⧟াāĻŽ āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰ āĻ›িāϞেāύ āϤিāύ āĻŦোāύ āϚাāϰ āĻ­া⧟েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤৃāϤী⧟ āĻ­া⧟েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϜ্āϝোāώ্āĻ ্āϝ।

* 1582 āϏাāϞে āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰ āĻ…্āϝাāύ āĻš্āϝাāĻĨাāĻ“ā§ŸেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻŦāϧূ āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻ…াāϟ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŦ⧜।

* āϤাঁāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽা āĻ•āύ্āϝা āϏুāϏাāύা, āĻ›েāϞেāĻĻ্āĻŦ⧟ āĻšāϞেāύ (Hamlet and Zudith)

* āϟāĻŽাāϏ āϞুāϏি āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ­ূ-āϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰāĻ•ে āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϏ্āĻŦাāύ্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ।

* āϞāύ্āĻĄāύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϞে āĻšাāωāϜেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāύেāϤাāϰা “āϞāϰ্āĻĄ āϚেāĻŽ্āĻŦাāϰāϞেāύেāϰ āĻĻāϞ” āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāϤ āĻ›িāϞ।

* āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰেāϰ āĻ–্āϝাāϤি āĻ›িāϞ ‘play-pather’ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে।

* āĻĻীāϰ্āϘ 25 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰে āϤিāύি āϰāĻ™্āĻ—াāϞ⧟ে āĻ›িāϞেāύ।

* Mostly known as plays
* His play consists of 5 acts.
* He is not famous for Bourgeois drama.

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āύাāϟāĻ•ঃ ā§Šā§Ž āϟি
āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨঃ ⧍ āϟি
āϏāύেāϟঃ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ē āϟি

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★ Tragedy:
• Macbeth (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ āĻŽ্āϝাāĻ•āĻŦেāĻĨ, āϞেāĻĄি āĻŽ্āϝাāĻ•āĻŦেāĻĨ- āϚāϤুāϰ্āĻĨ āĻĄাāχāύী)
– Coward die many times before their daeth.

• Othello(āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Othello, Desdemona- Othello’s wife, Iago- Villain, Cassio, Emilia)
• Hamlet (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Laertes)— The Murder of Gonzago āύাāϟāĻ• āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ āĻš্āϝাāĻŽāϞেāϟ āĻŦাāĻŦাāϰ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļোāϧ āύে⧟াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ।
– To be or not to be that is the question.
– There is a divinity that shapes our ends.

• Antony and Cleopatra (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Antony, Cleopatra)
• Romeo and Juliet (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Romeo, āϜুāϞি⧟েāϟ, āĻŽāύ্āϟেāĻ—ু āĻ“ āϞেāĻĄি āĻŽāύ্āϟেāĻ—ু, āĻ•্āϝাāϟিāωāϞেāϟ āĻ“ āϞেāĻĄি āĻ•্āϝাāϟিāωāϞেāϟ)

• Julius Caesar (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ āϜুāϞি⧟াāϏ, āϏীāϜাāϰ, āĻ•্āϝাāϏি⧟াāϏ)
– Julius Caesar was the ruler of Rome about 2000 years ago.

++++Memory Clue : ( MOHAn R J)

Comedy:
• The Merchant of Venice
– Tragi-comedy.
– Shylock (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰ): He was a jews.

• Much Ado About Nothing,
• A Midsummer Night’s Dream,
• All’s Well That Ends Well, (TC)
• Measure for Measure, (TC)
• The Tempest (TC)
– Swan song.
– āĻā§œেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĻি⧟ে āĻ…াāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšā§Ÿ।
– (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Calliban, Ferdinand, Alanso, Miranda)

• The Comedy of Errors,
• As You Like It

Memory Clue: MAM Midsummer A Measpi āĻ•েT C āĻĻি⧟ে āĻŦāϞāϞ, As You Like It.

āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āϰāϚāύা:

Henry VI- Part-I, Henry VI- Part-II, Henry VI-Part-III, King John, Richard-II & III.

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• “To be or not to be, that is the question ”
(Hamlet)
• “Brevity is the soul of wit” (Hamlet)

• ”There are more things in haven and earth
Horation, Than are dreamt of in our philosophy” (Hamlet)

• “Cowards die many times before their deaths” (Julius Caesar)

• ”All the world’s stage and all the men and women merely players ” (As you like it )

• Sweet are uses of adversity (As you like it )

• Fair is foul , and Foul is fair . (Mathbeth )

• All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand (Mathbeth )

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Ben Jhonson:
– O Rare Ben Johnson ( āϏাāĻŽাāϧিāϤে āϞেāĻ–া)
– Wrote ( Drama)- Volpone, The silent women ( Epicone), The Alchemist.

• Thomas Kyd
-The Spanish Tragedy ( The First Tragedic Drama)
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Christopher Marlowe

Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 93) āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েāύ āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟াāϰেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏাāĻŽā§ŸিāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āύাāϟ্āϝāĻ•াāϰ। āĻ•্āϰিāϏ্āϟোāĻĢাāϰ āĻŽাāϰāϞো āĻŦ⧟āϏে āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟াāϰেāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ⧍ āĻŽাāϏেāϰ āĻŦ⧜। āĻĻুāϜāύেāϰ āϐāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ• āĻ›āĻŦি āĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻেāĻ–āϞে āĻŽāύে āĻšāĻŦে āĻĻুāϜāύ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤি। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āϤাঁāĻĻেāϰ āϚেāĻšাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ āϏেāχāĻŽ, āϏāĻšোāĻĻāϰ āĻ­াāĻ‡ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻŽāϤ।

āφāϰো āĻĒ⧜ুāύ:  āĻŦ্āϰিāϟিāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāύ āχংāϰেāϜি āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ—ুāϰāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ |What Are The Differences Between American And British English
āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟াāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤāχ āĻ•্āϰিāϏ্āϟোāĻĢাāϰ āĻŽাāϰāϞোāĻ“ āϤাঁāϰ āύাāϟāĻ•েāϰ āϜāύ্āϝāχ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ। āĻŽাāϰāϞোāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েঃ
•Tamburlaine
•The Jew of Malta
•Doctor Faustus
•Edward II
•The Massacre at Paris.
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** āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟াāϰেāϰ āĻšিāϏ্āϟ্āϰি āύাāϟāĻ• āĻ—ুāϞো āϏāĻŦāχ āϰাāϜাāĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽে। āϤাāχ Edward II āύাāĻŽ āĻļুāύে āĻ…āύেāĻ•েāχ āĻāϟাāĻ•ে āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒি⧟াāϰেāϰ āύাāϟāĻ• āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰে āĻ­ুāϞ āĻ•āϰে।
*** Doctor Faustus āύাāϟāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻĻুāϟি āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Dr. Faustus āφāϰ Mephistopheles ( āĻŽেāĻĢিāϏ্āϟোāĻĢিāϞিāϏ).
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āφāĻŽাāϰ āύিāϜেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŽেāĻĢিāϏ্āϟোāĻĢিāϞিāϏ āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āφāĻŽি āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏে āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻŽেāϧা⧟ ā§§āĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤাāĻŽ। āϤাāχ āφāĻŽি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻ•্āϝাāĻĄাāϰāϰা āĻŽেāĻĢিāϏ্āϟোāĻĢিāϞিāϏেāϰ āϚে⧟েāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļাāϞ āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰী।।।।

*****University Wits āĻāϰ āύাāϟ্āϝāĻ•াāϰāĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āϟেāĻ•āύিāĻ•ঃ ā§§ā§Ģā§­ā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āώো⧜āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻ•েāϰ āĻļেāώে Christopher Marlowe āĻāϰ āĻšাāϤ āϧāϰে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĻāϞেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞ āϝাāϰা āύাāϟāĻ• āϞিāĻ–āϤ āĻ…াāĻŦাāϰ āϏেāχ āύাāϟāĻ• āϞāύ্āĻĄāύেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŽāĻž্āϚে āϤাāϰা āύিāϜেāϰাāχ āĻĒাāϰāĻĢāϰ্āĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ āĻāĻĻেāϰāĻ•েāχ University Wits āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϤ।

University Wits āĻ—āĻŖ āĻšāϞেāύ:-

ā§§. Christopher Marlowe
⧍. Robert Greene
ā§Š.Thomas kyd
ā§Ē. John Lyly
ā§Ģ. George Peele
ā§Ŧ. Thomas Nashe

āχংāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āύাāϟ্āϝāĻŽāĻž্āϚে āĻ•্āϰিāϏ্āϟোāĻĢাāϰ āĻŽাāϰāϞোāχ āĻ›োāϟ āĻ›োāϟ āĻ—্āϰীāύ āĻ•িāĻĄ āϞিāϞি āĻĒিāϞিāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āύাāϚে!!!

āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽিāϞি⧟ে āύিāύ:-
ā§§.āĻŽাāϰāϞোāχ= Christopher Marlowe
⧍. āĻ—্āϰীāύ= Greene=Robert Greene

ā§Š.āĻ•িāĻĄ= Kyd=Thomas Kyd

ā§Ē. āϞিāϞি= Lyly=John Lyly

ā§Ģ. āĻĒিāϞি= Peele=George Peele

ā§Ŧ.āύাāϚে= Nashe=Thomas Nashe)

• The Jacobean Period (1603-1625)
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-John Donne
-The Greatest love poet/poet of love
-Love is not so pure, and abstract, as they use to say.
-Go and Catch the Falling Star.

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John Webster
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-The Duchess of Malfi.( Tragedy Drama)
-The White Devil (Tragedy Drama)
-Cyril Tourneur
-The Revengers Tragedy
-The Atheist’s
-King James
-The translation of Bible into English.

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The Commonwealth Period (1645-1660)
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★ The Caroline Age ( 1625-1649)
(Robert Herrick, John Milton, John Ford, Henry Vaughn)

• Robert Herrick
– Poem – To Daffodils
– Short lived human live ( the poet weeps over the poem)

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John Milton
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– Epic Poem
– He became blind in 1652.
– Poem- Paradise lost, Paradise Regain, Lycidas, Areopagitica.
– To justify the of God to man.

Quote: Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven- J.Milton

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• Henry Vaughn
( Wrote- The Retreat)

★ Neo-Classical period (1660-1798)
– (Restoration Age – 1660-1700)
– (Augustan Literature- 1700-1750)
– (Age of Sensibility- 1750-1798)
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★ The Restoration Period (1660-1785)
– Age of dryden āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ ।
– āĻ•েāω āĻ•েāω Age of Milton āĻŦāϞেāύ।
– Historical Events:
* England āĻ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒা⧟āύ āĻļুāϰু।
* āĻŽāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻ“ āĻ›াāĻĒাāĻ–াāύা āωāύ্āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤāĻ•āϰāĻŖ।
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John Dryden:
•The representative poet of 17th century.
• Father of Modern English Criticism.
• āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝঃ
– Absalom and Achitophel, 1681 āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϤিāύি āĻ…āĻŽāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ…াāĻ›েāύ।
• āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύ্āϧঃ
An Essay on dramatic poesy.
• āύাāϟāĻ•ঃ
– All for love.
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William Congreve
– āĻ•āĻŽেāĻĄি āϞেāĻ–āĻ•
– āϤিāύি āϜোāύাāĻĨাāύ āϏুāχāĻĢāϟ āĻ“ āĻĒোāĻĒেāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻ›িāϞেāύ
– āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻ•āϰেāύ āύাāχ।
āĻ•āĻŽেāĻĄিঃ BWDL
– The Old Bachelor
– The way of the world
– The Double Dealer
– Love for love.
āϟ্āϰাāϜেāĻĄিঃ The morning bride.

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John Bunyon
• āϧāϰ্āĻŽāĻŽāϤেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦাāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϜেāϞ āĻ–েāϟেāĻ›েāύ।
• āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϚাāϰ্āϜে āϤিāύি āĻĒাāĻĻ্āϰী āĻ›িāϞেāύ।
•āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽঃ
– The pilgrim Process.
– The holy war.
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The Augustan Period (1701-1745)
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• āĻ āϝুāĻ—āϟাāĻ•ে age of pope āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻ…াāϞেāĻ•āϜাāύ্āĻĄাāϰ āĻĒোāĻĒ āĻ āϝুāĻ—āϟাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϧিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ•āϰেāύ
• āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āχংāϰেāϜি Daily ” The Daily Courant” āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāĻļিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ 1701 āϏাāϞে।

:Alexandar Pope:Daniel Defoe:āϜোāύাāĻĨাāύ āϏুāχāĻĢāϟঃ Henry Fielding:(āĻ…াāϜ HD āĻ—াāύ āĻļুāύāĻŦ)
Alexandar Pope:
*āϤāϰুāĻŖ āĻŦ⧟āϏে āĻĒোāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāϧিāϤে āĻ…াāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āϜ⧟েāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āĻĢāϞে āϤাঁāϰ āĻļāϰীāϰ āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāϰে āĻ­েāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĒ⧜েāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•্āϞাāύ্āϤিāĻšীāύ āĻ…āύāϰ্āĻ—āϞ āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻŦিāϧ্āĻŦāϏ্āϤ, āĻ…āĻĒāĻŽাāύিāϤ, āϞাāĻž্āĻ›িāϤ, āϏāĻŽাāϜāϚ্āϝুāϤ āĻĒোāĻĒেāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰে āϜāĻŽেāĻ›িāϞ āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āϘৃāĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻ āϘৃāĻŖাāχ āϤাঁāϰ āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝেāϰ āϜāĻ—āϤে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĢেāϞেāĻ›িāϞ।

* Famous for mock-heroic poet in English literature.

āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাঃ
– The rape of the lock (āĻŦেāϞিāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āϰূāĻĒেāϰ āĻ›āϟা⧟ āϏূāϰ্āϝেāϰ āĻ…াāϞো āĻŽ্āϞাāĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝা⧟। āϝুāĻŦāĻ•েāϰা āϤাঁāϰ āϚাāϰāĻĒাāĻļে āĻ­ী⧜ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻ•āϟু āĻ­াāϞāĻŦাāϏাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝাāĻļা⧟। āϤāĻŦে āϏে āĻĒাāϤ্āϤা āĻĻে⧟ āύা। āĻŦা⧟āĻŦী⧟ āĻĒ্āϰেāϤাāϤ্āĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻĻাāϰ āĻāϰি⧟েāϞেāϰ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦে āĻŦেāϞিāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āϰূāĻĒ-āϝৌāĻŦāύ āϰāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĻা⧟িāϤ্āĻŦ āύে⧟।
– āĻŦেāϰāύ āύাāĻŽāĻ• āĻāĻ• āϝুāĻŦāĻ• āĻŦেāϞিāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āϰূāĻĒে āĻŽোāĻšিāϤ। āϏে āĻŦেāϞিāύ্āĻĻাāϰ āϚুāϞেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦেāĻŖী āĻ•েāϟে āύে⧟।
– āĻŦেāϞিāύ্āĻĻা āĻšা-āĻšুāϤাāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞে āĻāϰি⧟েāϞ āϤাāĻ•ে āϜাāύা⧟ āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦেāĻŖী āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›ে āύāĻ•্āώāϤ্āϰāϞোāĻ•ে।

– The Dunciad.

āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύ্āϧঃ
– Essay on criticism.
– Moral Essays.
– Essay on Man.

āĻ…āύুāĻŦাāĻĻঃ
– Iliad
– Oddtssey.

Quote:
• “To err is human; to forgive is devine”
• “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread”
• “A little learning is a dangerous thing”

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Daniel Defoe:
– Robinson Crusoe (1719) āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āύা⧟āĻ• āϰāĻŦিāύāϏāύ āĻ•্āϰুāĻļো, āϝে āĻĒāϰিāϤ্āϝāĻ•্āϤ āύিāϰ্āϜāύ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒে 26 āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻুঃāϏāĻš āϜীāĻŦāύ-āϝাāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤীāϤে āϤিāύি āϏে āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϚ্āĻ›āϤ্āϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻĒāϤি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āϏে āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāϰ āĻ­ৃāϤ্āϝ Friday āĻāĻŦং Xury āĻ•ে āϤিāύি āϤাঁāϰ āĻ­ৃāϤ্āϝে āĻĒāϰিāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āϤিāύি āĻĻাāϏ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা⧟ āϞাāĻ­āĻŦাāύ āĻšāύ।

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āϜোāύাāĻĨাāύ āϏুāχāĻĢāϟঃ
• āĻ…ā§ŸাāϰāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻĄাāĻŦāϞিāύ āĻļāĻšāϰে āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ।
• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ™্āĻ—াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āϰāϚāύাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ।
• āĻŦোāĻŦা āĻ“ āĻŦāϧিāϰ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻŽাāϰা āϝাāύ।

āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ™্āĻ—াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏঃ
– Gulliver’s Travel (āĻŽূāϞ āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Martin Scribblers, āύাāĻŽ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻšā§Ÿ Lamuel Guliver)। āĻ—াāϞিāĻ­াāϰ āϚাāϰāϟি āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ­্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞো āĻšāϞ – A voyage of Lulliput(āĻŦাāĻŽুāύেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļ) A voyage of Brobdingnag(āĻĻাāύāĻŦেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļ), A voyage of Lapunta (āϞাāĻĒুāϟাāύāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļ), A voyage of Houyhnhns. (āĻšুāχāύāĻšুāĻŽāϏ āύাāĻŽāĻ• āϘো⧜াāϰ āĻĻেāĻļ)
– A Tale of Tub
– The Battle of Books.

āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ• āĻ—্āϰুāĻĒে Join āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ āĻ•ি?
āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āϏāĻš āϝেāĻ•োāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•্āϤিāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ, āĻ—ুāϰāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āύোāϟ āĻ“ āĻļāϰ্āϟāĻ•াāϟ āϟিāĻĒāϏ āĻĒেāϤে  āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻ•্āϞিāĻ• āĻ•āϰে āϜ⧟েāύ āĻ•āϰুāύ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ Official āĻĢেāϏāĻŦুāĻ• āĻ—্āϰুāĻĒে।
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Henry Fielding:
– Father of English Novel
– āϤিāύি āϰিāϚাāϰ্āĻĄāϏāύেāϰ pamela āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āωāĻĒāĻšাāϏ āĻ•āϰে 1742 āϏাāϞে āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ “Joseph Andrews”
• Novel
– Tom jones ( āϤাঁāϰ āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ  āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ) (āϚāϰিāϤ্āϰঃ Tom and Sofia); Published in 1st half of 18th century.
– Amelia.
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The age of sensibility (1745-1798)
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– The Age of Johnson āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

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Dr. Samuel johnson:

• Dictionery of the English Language.
• Wrote Essay- Preface to Shakespeare.

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Thomas Gray

• Elegy written in the country churchyard.
• āĻ•েāĻŽ্āĻŦ্āϰিāϜ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟েāϰ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏেāϰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻšāύ āϤিāύি।

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Edmund Burkey:
• āϤিāύি āĻ…াāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāύ āĻ…āϧিāĻŦাāϏীāĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϟ্āϝাāĻ•্āϏ āϚাāĻĒাāύো āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻ•āϰেāύāύি।
• āϤিāύি āĻĢāϰাāϏী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻ•āϰেāύāύি।

āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύ্āϧঃ
– Speech on American Taxation
– Speech on East India Bill

Quote:
• Superstition is a religion of feeble minded person.
• The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse-
• The people are the masters.
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Oliver Goldsmith:

Novel:
– The vicar of Wakefield.
– The Good Natured Man

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Wiliam blake:
– Visionary poet
– Poet of bible.
– The precursor of Romanticism.
– āϜেāĻŽāύ āĻŦেāϏা⧟াāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ–োāĻĻাāχāĻ•াāϰীāϰ āĻ…āϧীāύে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ।
– āĻ•āĻŦি āĻ“ āϚিāϤ্āϰāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী āĻ›িāϞেāύ।
āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨঃ
• Songs of innocense.
• Songs of Experience.

Quote:
• The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom.

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The Romantic Period (1795-1832)
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āĻāϞিāϜাāĻŦেāĻĨাāύ āĻĒিāϰি⧟āĻĄেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝেāϰ āφāϰেāĻ•āϟি āφāĻĻিāĻĒāϤ্āϝ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাāϰāĻ•াāϰী āϝুāĻ— āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϰোāĻŽ্āϝাāύ্āϟিāĻ• āĻĒিāϰি⧟āĻĄ।
• āĻ āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাāϰ ā§§ā§­ā§¯ā§Ž āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Žā§Šā§¨ āϏাāϞ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ। • ā§§ā§­ā§¯ā§Ž āϏাāϞে William Wordsworth āĻāϰ Lyrical Ballads āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽেāχ āĻŽূāϞāϤ āϰোāĻŽ্āϝাāύ্āϟিāĻ• āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻļুāϰু āĻšā§Ÿ।
• Most important features of a romantic poetry is – Subjectivity.

āφāϰো āĻĒ⧜ুāύ:  ā§§ā§Ļ āϤāĻŽ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰী āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ | 10th BCS Priliminary Question Solution
āĻāϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ—āĻŖ āĻšāϞেāύঃ
– William Wordsworth
– S T Coleridge
– Lord Byron
– P B Shelley
– John Keats
– Walter Scott
– Jane Austene

āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ Wordsworth BCS āĻĻি⧟ে KSA (āϏৌāĻĻি āĻ…াāϰāĻŦ) āϝাāĻŦে।
Wordsworth, Byron, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats, Scott, Austene
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1.William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850)
• He is considered as poet of nature.
• 1839 āϏাāϞে āĻ…āĻ•্āϏāĻĢোāϰ্āĻĄ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ•ে āĻĄিāϏিāĻāϞ āωāĻĒাāϧি āĻĻে⧟।
• āϤাঁāϰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াংāĻļ āϰāϚāύা 1798 āĻĨেāĻ•ে 1808 āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে।
• 1798 āϏাāϞে āĻ•āĻŦি S T Coleridge āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে Lyrical Ballads āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰেāύ।

āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨঃ
– Lyrical Ballads,
– The Prelude
– Thansgiving Ode
– Ecclesiastical Sketches
– The River Duddon

āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাঃ
– Tintern Abbey,
– Ode: Immitations of Immortality,
– The Solitery Reaper,
– I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,
– Michael,
– Lucy Poems.
– Dsffodils.
– The Excursion
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William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Wrote Lyrical Ballads (1798) with S T Coleridge. S T Coleridge wrote 4 (Four) poems & Willam Wordsworth 19 (Nineteen) poems.

He is considered as Nature of Poet.

1839 āϏাāϞে āĻ…āĻ•্āϏāĻĢোāϰ্āĻĄ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ•ে āĻĄি āϏি āĻāϞ āωāĻĒাāϧি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰে ।

Inspired by French Revolution.

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ:

Lyrical Ballads, Thanksgiving Ode, The River Duddon, The Prelude (Auto Bio-bibliography), Ecclesiastical sketches

Poem:

Daffodils, The Solitary Reaper, To Milton, The Excursion, Michael

āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ A MID SME
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2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 – 1834)
• The collaborator of wordsworth.
• Poet of supernaturalism
• āϤিāύি āĻĢāϰাāϏী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāĻ• āĻ›িāϞেāύ।
• āĻ…াāĻĢিāĻŽ āϏেāĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰāϤেāύ।
• āĻ—িāϞāĻŽ্āϝাāύেāϰ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻšāύ।
• Watchman āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻĒāϤ্āϰিāĻ•া āϚাāϞাāϤেāύ।
• Lyricall Ballads āĻ āϚাāϰāϟি āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা āĻ›িāϞ।

āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨঃ Biographia Literaria

āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাঃ The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan, Dejection:Ode, Christabel,Frost at Midnight.

“everywhere,
And all the boards did shrink;
Water, water everywhere,
Nor any drop to drink.” ___Quotations from The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

{{{ Kubla Khan āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āϏ্āĻĒāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা। Coleridge āĻ›িāϞ āφāĻĢিāĻŽ Addicted। āϤো āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāύ āφāĻĢিāĻŽ āĻ–াāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻĒāϰ Kubla Khan āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟি āϤাঁāϰ āĻŽাāĻĨা⧟ āφāϏে āĻāĻŦং āύেāĻļাāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟ āϤিāύি āϤা āϞিāĻ–āϤে āĻŦāϏেāύ। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāϰেāχ āĻĄাāĻ• āĻĒি⧟āύ āφāϏে āĻĻāϰāϜা⧟ āĻ•ā§œা āύা⧜ে āϤাঁāĻ•ে āϚিāĻ ি āĻĻিāϤে। āϚিāĻ ি āφāύāϤে āφāύāϤে āϤাঁāϰ āύেāĻļা āĻ•েāϟে āϝা⧟। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨেāχ āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϰ āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ…ংāĻļ āϞিāĻ–āϤে āĻŦāϏāϞেāĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāĻŦāĻļāϤ āφāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āϞাāχāύāĻ“ āϤিāύি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āύি। āĻĒāϰে āϤিāύি āĻŦāϞেāύ āϝেāϟুāĻ•ু āϞিāĻ–েāĻ›ে āϤা āĻ›িāϞ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ­াāĻ—েāϰ ā§§ āĻ­াāĻ—। āφāϰ āĻāχ Kubla Khan āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Coleridge āĻāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা।

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3.John Keats (1795 –1821):
• āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦেঁāϚে āĻ›িāϞেāύ। āĻāϰ āĻ­িāϤāϰেāχ āϤাঁāϰ āĻ•āĻŦি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ­াāϰ āĻāϞāĻ• āĻĻেāĻ–ি⧟েāĻ›েāύ।
• Keats āĻŽূāϞāϤ āϤাঁāϰ Ode āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ।
• Poet of Sensuousness
• Poet of Beauty
• Died from Tuberculosis

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ : (HELP Isabella) Poems, Endymion, Lamia and other poems, Isabella.

• A famous poet who is known as a man of medicine.

• āϤাঁāϰ Ode āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েঃ Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn , Ode to Psych, To Autumn, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on Indolence.

{ āĻļিāϰোāύাāĻŽāĻšীāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ “ āĻāĻ•া āĻĒাāĻ–ি” āĻ—াāύāϟা Keats āĻāϰ Ode to a Nightingale āĻāϰ āĻĨিāĻŽেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻ•āϰে āϰāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা। āĻāχ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āφāϏāĻŦে āύা। }
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4.Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 – 1822)
• āϤাঁāϰ āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা āĻ—ুāϞো āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰোāĻšী āϧাঁāϚেāϰ।
• āĻ•াāϜী āύāϜāϰুāϞ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽেāϰ āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা⧟ Shelley’āϰ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āφāĻ›ে।
• A revolutionary poet.
• Died from boat sinking

Poem: Ozymandias, Ode to west wind, Ode to Liberty, Ode to Skylark.

Article: Necessity of Atheism, A Defense of Poetry.

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāύাāϟ্āϝ : Prometheus Unbound.

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ: The Revolt of Islam, The Spirit of Solitu

āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাঃ, Adonais, To a skylark, Ode to the West Wind.

• “The trumpet of a prophecy! O
Wind,
If Winter comes can Spring be far behind ? “___Quotation from West Wind
.
• Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.” _ Quot from To a Skylark

• Poets are unacknowledged legislation of the world ”
• Oh, lift me as wave , a leaf , a cloud , I fail upon the thorns of life ! I bleed
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5.Lord Byron (1788 – 1824):
• George Gordon Lord Byron āϤিāύি āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰোāĻšী āĻ•āĻŦি।
• āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Don Juan āφāϰ Vision of Judgement।
• English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.
• Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.

Lord Byron āĻāϰ āĻŽে⧟ে Ada Lovelace āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েāύ Computer āĻāϰ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ computer programmer.
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6.Romantic Age āĻāϰ āφāϰেāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āϞেāĻ–িāĻ•া āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েāύ Jane Austen।āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤিāύি āĻšāϚ্āĻ›েāύ āϰোāĻŽ্āϝাāύ্āϟিāĻ• āĻĒিāϰি⧟āĻĄেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ Anti-romantic Novelist. āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ ā§Ģāϟি āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে,
Pride & Prejudice,
Sense and Sensibility,
Mansfield Park, āĻāĻŦং
Emma.
The Persuation
(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ SME P² )

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7. Sir Walter Scott
• 1771 āϏাāϞেāϰ 15 āĻ…াāĻ—āϏ্āϟ āϏ্āĻ•āϟāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄে āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ।

āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏঃ
• Ivanhoe
• The Abbot
• The pirate
• The Antiquary
• Tale of my Landlord

āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ PIAAL (āĻĒি⧟াāϞ)

āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাঃ
• Patriotism.

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Victorian Age
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• āĻ•ুāχāύ āĻ­িāĻ•্āϟোāϰি⧟াāϰ āύাāĻŽাāύুāϏাāϰে āĻ āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।
• This period is regarded as the period of progress and prosperity.
• Historical Events:
– In 1833, slaves were declared free.
– In 1833, the Fabian society was found.
– Agriculture society was collapsed as a reault of industrial revolution.

āĻ āϝুāĻ—েāϰ āĻ•āĻŦি/āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āĻ•্āϞুঃ
(BD EARTH TB MN)

• Robert Browning
• Charles Dickens,
• George Eliot
• Mathew Arnold
• Charles Robert Darwin
• William Mack-pis Thackeray
• Thomas Hardy
• Alfred Tennyson
• S Bronty
• E Bronty.
• Barret Browning
• Karl Marx
• Cardinal Newman

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•Robert Browning
* āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ:
– Pauline,
– Dramatic Lyrics,
– Dramatic Romances,
– Dramatic Idols
(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āϏূāϤ্āϰঃ Idol LPR)

* Poem:
-The Patriot,
– The Last Duches,
– Andrea Del Sarto,
– Rabbi Ben Ezra
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• Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
– Novel: GOAH āϰ DB Charles Dickens.

– Oliver Twist,
– David Copperfield,
– Bleak House,
– Hard Times,
– A Tale of Two Cities,
– Great Expectations
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• George Eliot (1819-1880)
– Novel: MARch
– Adam bede,
– Romola,
– Middle march,
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• Mathew Arnold

-The Scholar Gypsy,
– Poems
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Charles Robert Darwin
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* Novel:
– The Origin of Species
– The Voyage of the Beagle
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• William Mack-pis Thackeray
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Novel:
– Vanity Fair
– The Virginians
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Thomas Hardy
– Under the Greenwood Tree
– The Return of the Native
– Tess of D’ Urbervilles
– The Mayor of Casterbridge.
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• Alfred Tennyson
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• Poet laurate āĻ›িāϞেāύ।
* āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ:
– Ink Arden
– Death to Oenone.
– Poems by two Brothers
– Timbuctoo
– Maud & Other Poems

(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ InDian TiMe)

* Poem:
– The Lotus Eater,
– Morte D Arthur,
– Ulysses
:
:
Sharley Bronte:
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* Novel:
– The Professor
:

• Amili Bronte
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* Novel:
– Wuthering Heights.
:
:
Elizabeth Barret Browning
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– Prometheus Bound
– Sonnets from the Portuguese
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āφāϰো āĻĒ⧜ুāύ:  ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧝ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻ“ āϏāĻ•āϞ āϚাāĻ•āϰিāϰ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻ—ুāϰāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ Correct spelling āĻāĻ•āϏাāĻĨে | English Spelling āϏāĻšāϜে āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ!
 

(Samuel Becket, Joseph Conrad, D H Lawrence, T S Eliot, E M Forster, E M Forster, George Barnard Shaw, Huxley, Tem Huges, Ernst Hemingway, James Joyce, J M Synge, Rudyard Kipling, Somerset Maugham, George Orwell, H G Wells, W B Yeats)

• Samuel Becket
– āĻĢāϰাāϏী āύাāϟ্āϝāĻ•াāϰ।
– āĻĒুāϰো āύাāĻŽ Samuel Barclay Beckeet.
– He was awarded Nobel Prize in 1969 for his famous drama Waiting to Godot.

• Drama
(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ āĻ…াāϏāĻ›ে āĻļুāĻ­ āĻĻিāύে Endgame āĻ–েāϞāĻŦ)

– Endgame
– Come & Go,
– Happy Days,
– Play
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• Joseph Conrad
• āϤিāύ 15 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ­্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ›েāύ āĻ…āϏ্āϟ্āϰেāϞি⧟া āĻ“ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻ­াāϰāϤী⧟ āĻĻীāĻĒāĻĒুāĻž্āϜ।
Novel:

(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ āϜোāϏেāĻĢ āĻ•āύāϰাāĻĄ Secret Agent āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে Darkness āĻ TT āĻ–েāϞে।)

– Lord Jim: A Tale,
– The Heart of Darkness,
– Typhoon,
– The secret Agent.
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Rudyard Kipling:
• āϤিāύি āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ āĻŦোāĻŽ্āĻŦেāϤে। āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦ⧟āϏ āϝāĻ–āύ 5, āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাঁāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰ āχংāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄে āϚāϞে āϝা⧟।
• āϤিāύি 1907 āϏাāϞে āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āύোāĻŦেāϞ āĻĒুāϰāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āϞাāĻ­ āĻ•āϰেāύ।
• Novel: (KCL)
– The Light that Failed.
– Captains Courageous
– Kim

• āĻ›োāϟāĻ—āϞ্āĻĒঃ
– The jungle Book
– The second jungle book
– Puck of Pook’s hill
– Debits and Credits.
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George Barnard Shaw (1856-1950)
• āϏেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āϜāύāĻĒ্āϰি⧟ āύাāϟ্āϝāĻ•াāϰ।
• āĻ…াāχāϰিāĻļ āύাāϟ্āϝāĻ•াāϰ।
• 1925 āϏাāϞে āύোāĻŦেāϞ āĻĒুāϰāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āϞাāĻ­ āĻ•āϰেāύ।

• Drama
( ABCD )
– A- Arms & The Man
– B- Heart Break House, Major Barbara
– C-Caesar & Cleopatra, Candida
– D-The Doctors Dilemma

(PP Superman You never can Tell Widow Joan is Devil)

Man & Superman, The Philander, Pygmalion, You never can Tell, Saint Joan,Widower’s House, The Devil’s Disciple
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D H Lawrence (1885-1930)
– āϤিāύি āĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻ”āĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ•, āĻ•āĻŦি, āύাāϟ্āϝāĻ•াāϰ, āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāĻ•, āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύ্āϧāĻ•াāϰ, āĻ“ āϚিāϤ্āϰāĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী।
– āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āϚু⧟াāϞ্āϞিāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦ⧟āϏে āϝāĻ•্āώা āϰোāĻ—ে āĻ…াāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏেāϰ āĻ­েāύāϏ্ āĻļāĻšāϰে āĻŽাāϰা āϝাāύ ।

• Novel :
(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āύি⧟āĻŽঃ S K ChoWdhuRy)
– Sons & Lovers
– Kangaroo.
– Lady Chatterley’s Lover.
– The White Peacock.
– Women In Love.
– The Rainbow.
– The Trespasser.
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Ernst Hemingway
– He was awarded noble in 1954. He killed himself in 1961.
– āĻ…াāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāϰ āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ—োāϤে āϤিāύি 1899 āϏাāϞে āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύ।
– āϤিāύি āϰেāĻĄāĻ•্āϰāϏেāϰ Agnes Von Kurosky āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āύাāϰ্āϏেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽে āĻĒ⧜েāύ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏে āĻŽāĻšি⧟āϏী āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āχāϤাāϞী⧟ āĻ…āĻĢিāϏাāϰāĻ•ে āĻŦি⧟ে āĻ•āϰেāύ। āĻ āϘāϟāύা⧟ āϤিāύি āϞেāĻ–েāύ, – “A very Short Story”.
– 1953 āϏাāϞে The Old Man and the sea āϰāϚāύাāϰ āĻĒুāϞিā§ŽāϜাāϰ āĻĒুāϰāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻĒাāύ।

• Novel:
– For whom the Bell Tolls, (āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা⧟)
– A Farewell to Arms, (āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা⧟)
– The sun also rises,
– The Old Man & The Sea
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E M Forster
– He was nominated for the Nobel prize in English literature in 13 different years.
– Irish.

• Novel
– A Passage to India,
– Where Angels fear to thread
– The Longest Journey
– The Room with a view.

(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ঃ A Passage to India is the logest journey, Angel āϰাāĻ“ fear āĻ•āϰে, āĻāϟা āĻāĻ•āϟা Room with a view āύ⧟। )
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• William Golding
– 1983 āϏাāϞে āϤিāύি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āύোāĻŦেāϞ āĻĒুāϰāϏ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻĒাāύ ।
– Lord of the Files (Classic Novel) āύোāĻ­েāϞেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ।

Novel:

– Lord of the Files (Classic Novel),
– Darkness Visible,
– The Pyramid
– The Scorpion God.

(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ঃ Oh God ! Pyramid āĻāϰ āωāĻĒāϰেāĻ“ gold āĻāϰ File āĻ—ুāϞো visible.)
Lord āφāϰ God – Darkness āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ“ Pyramid āĻāϰ Fall āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āĻĒেāϞ । Lord = Lord of the Flies …. Darkness = Darkness visible ….. Fall = Free fall ……. God = The Scorpion God……. Pyramid = The Pyramid ____________________________________________

Huxley
– āϤাঁāϰ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ- The New Brave World.āĻāχ āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āωāχāϞি⧟াāĻŽ āĻļেāĻ•্āϏāĻĒী⧟াāϰেāϰ The Tempest āύাāϟāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে।

• Novel:
– The Brave New World
– Eyeless in Gaza,
– Time Must Have a Stop
____________________________________________
Ted Huges

• Poet Laureate
• Zoo laureate
āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাঃ
– The Jaguar.
____________________________________________
James Joyce
– āĻ…াāχāϰিāĻļ āĻ•āĻŦি āĻ“ āĻ”āĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ•।
• āĻ—āϞ্āĻĒ āϏংāĻ•āϞāύঃ
– Dubliners

• āύাāϟāĻ•ঃ
– Exiles

āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏঃ
-Ulysses

____________________________________________
J M Synge (1871-1909)

– āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āφāχāϰিāĻļ
– āĻĒুāϰো āύাāĻŽ Edmund John Millington Synge
– W B Yeats āϤাāĻ•ে āĻ…া⧟াāϰāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄে āĻĢিāϰে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĻিāϞে āϤিāύি āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…াāϰাāύ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāϰ āĻ•ৃāώāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦāϏāĻŦাāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻ…াāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻ•āϰেāύ।
– āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§Šā§Ž āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦ⧟āϏে āĻ•্āϝাāύ্āϏাāϰ āϰোāĻ—ে āĻŽাāϰা āϝাāύ ।

• Drama:
– Riders to the Sea,
– A Tinkers Wedding,
– Shadow of the Glen
– The well of the Saints

Somerset Maugham:

āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•āϤা āĻ›ে⧜ে āϤিāύি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻĒেāĻļা āϜীāĻŦāύ āφāϰāĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻ•āϰেāύ ।
• āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏঃ
– Of Human Bondage
– The Luncheon
– The Ant and the Grasshopper
– Now and then.

• Play
– The sacred flame*****
____________________________________________
George Orwell
– āϤিāύি āĻŦāϰ্āĻŽা⧟ āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āĻ…āĻĢিāϏাāϰ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ।

• Novel:
– Animal Farm,
– Nineteen Eighty Four,
– Burmese Day
(1984 āϏাāϞে Burmese āĻ Animal Firm āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›িāϞ Orwell)

• Story:
– Shooting An Elephant

____________________________________________

T S Eliot (1888-1965)
– T S – Thomas Stearns.
– āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻ…াāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāϰ āĻŽিāϏৌāϰি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏেāύ্āϟ āϞুāχāϏে।
– āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āϤাঁāϰ ” Theory of objective -co-relative” āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ।
– He was awarded Noble prize in 1948.
– He was the Co-editor of The Egoist & Editor of Criterion.

• Drama
– Murderer in the Cathedral
– The family reunion
– The cocktail Party.

(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ঃ Family Reunion āĻāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻ•āϰে Cocktail Party āϤে Murder, āĻāϟা āύাāϟāĻ• āύ⧟ āϤো āĻ•ি?)

• Poem
– The Waste Land,
– The Hollow Men
– Poems
– Ash Wednesday
– Four Quarteds.

(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ঃ Wednesday āϤে āĻŽাāύুāώāĻ—ুāϞো āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ Waste āύা āĻ•āϰে 4 poems āϞেāĻ–ে)

____________________________________________

• Virginia Woolf (āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āωāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ•)

Novel:
– The Voyage Out, ******
– To the Light House, ****
– Pilgrimage, *****
– The Waves
– Flush
– Mrs. Dalloway. ********

• H G Wells
____________________________________________
*Drama
-The Time Machine,
– The World Set Free
– The Invisible Man
– The first man in the moon.
(āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–াāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟ঃ āϚাঁāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ invisible āĻŽাāύুāώ Time Machine āĻ āϚ⧜ে World āĻāϰ Wells āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ—েāϞ।)
____________________________________________
•W B Yeats (1865-1939)

– Irish āĻ•āĻŦি।
– Helped to Robindranath to translate Geetangali.
– 1899 āϏাāϞে āϤিāύি āĻ…াāχāϰিāĻļ āύ্āϝাāĻļāύাāϞ āĻĨি⧟েāϟাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻ•āϰেāύ।
– Awarded Noble in 1923.
– āϤিāύি āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āϤাঁāϰ “use of symbolism and mysticism” āĻāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ।

* āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ (R(2) W(4) S T)
– The Resurrection,
– Responsibilities
– The Wandering of Oisin
– The Wind among the Reeds
– The Wind Swans at Coole
– The Winding Stair and Other Poems.
– In the Seven Woods
– The Tower.

• Poem (Byzantium Easter Lake āĻ Second Time āϘুāϰāϤে āĻ—ি⧟েāĻ›িāϞ)
– Sailing to Byzantium.
– Easter.
– The Lake of Insifree
– The Second Coming.

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ā§§। āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒ্āύ āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ – āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ


⧍। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āύি⧟ে āĻĒ্āϰāϚāϞিāϤ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ­ুāϞ āϧাāϰāĻŖা


ā§Š। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ (āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύ)-āĻ•ে āĻ•েāύ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•্āϝাāĻĄাāϰ āĻāϰ āϰাāϜা āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ē। āϝāĻĻি āĻ•ূāϟāύীāϤিāĻ• āĻšāϤে āϚাāĻ“


ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি - āĻŦাংāϞা


ā§Ŧ। āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āύি⧟ে ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ


ā§­। āχংāϰেāϜিāϰ āϭ⧟ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϜ⧟ āϝা āĻŽাāύāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ


⧝। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ


ā§§ā§Ļ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āϤ্āϰিāĻ•োāĻŖāĻŽিāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽিāϤি


ā§§ā§§। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা⧟ āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি


⧧⧍। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•āϰাāϰ āωāĻĒা⧟


ā§§ā§Š। āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύে āĻ…āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ


ā§§ā§Ē। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āύি⧟ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻĨা


ā§§ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি: āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ•্āϤি, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি


ā§§ā§Ŧ। āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ“ āύৈāϤিāĻ•āϤা⧟ āĻ­াāϞো āĻ•āϰāϤে āϚাāχāϞে


ā§§ā§­। āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏেāϰ āĻŦāχ āĻĒ⧜াāχ āϏāĻŦ āύ⧟


ā§§ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āϰিāϞিāĻŽিāύাāϰি āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤে



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#āĻ“āϏāĻŽাāύি #āφāϤ্āĻŽāϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύ #āĻŽিāĻļāϰ #Egypt ā§§. āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ ā§§. āĻš্āϝাāύ্āĻĄāύোāϟ āĻāĻŦং āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻŦāĻšুāϞ āϚিāϤ্āϰ ā§§ā§Ļ. āύৈāϤিāĻ•āϤা āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāĻŦোāϧ āĻ“ āϏুāĻļাāϏāύ ā§§ā§§. āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ ⧍. āχংāϰেāϜি āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ ā§Š. āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻŦāϞি ā§Ē. āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻŦāϞি ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļāϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύোāϤ্āϤāϰ: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ-āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি 43rd BCS ā§Ģ. āĻ­াāχāĻ­া āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄ ā§Ģ. āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ (āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ) āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা ā§Ģ⧍ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§­ā§§ ā§Ŧ. āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ ā§­ āĻŽাāϰ্āϚ ā§­. āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি ā§Ž. āĻ—াāĻŖিāϤিāĻ• āϝুāĻ•্āϤি ⧝. āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖা āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖা - Motivation āφāχāύāĻ•াāύুāύ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāώ⧟: āϏীāĻŽাāϰেāĻ–া āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āϏীāĻŽাāϰেāĻ–া āφāĻĒāĻĄেāϟ āφāĻĒāĻĄেāϟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āφāĻŦিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āφāĻŦিāώ্āĻ•াāϰāĻ• āφāϞোāϚিāϤ ā§§ā§§ āϜāύ āĻ•āĻŦি-āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āĻ“ āϤাঁāĻĻেāϰ āϰāϚāύাāĻŦāϞী āχংāϰেāϜি āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āωāĻĒাāϧি āĻ“ āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽ āĻāϟāϰ্āύি āϜেāύাāϰেāϞ āĻāĻŦাāϰ āϝাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাāϰ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āύাāĻŽ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒāϰিāϚিāϤি āϚāϰ্āϝাāĻĒāĻĻ āϚāϰ্āϝাāĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ—āĻŖ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āϜ্āĻžাāύ-āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύেāϰ āĻļাāĻ–া āĻāĻŦং āϜāύāĻ• āϜ্āϝাāĻŽিāϤিāĻ• āϏূāϤ্āϰ āĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύীāϰা āύāĻĻ-āύāĻĻী āύāĻŦāĻŽ-āĻĻāĻļāĻŽ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϤ্āϰিāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰāύীāϤি āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ V. V. V. I. āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āϝোāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύা āĻĒāϰিāĻŽিāϤিāϰ (Mensuration) āϏূāϤ্āϰাāĻŦāϞিāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻĒাঁāϚāĻŽিāĻļাāϞী āϤāĻĨ্āϝ + āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ āĻĒাāϰিāĻ­াāώিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒুāϰাāϤāύ āĻ“ āύāϤুāύ āύাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤিāĻšীāύ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻĢāϞা āĻāĻŦং āϝুāĻ•্āϤাāĻ•্āώāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āĻĢিāϞিāϏ্āϤিāύ Palestine āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏেāϰ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ-āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻŦেāώ āĻŦāĻ™্āĻ—āĻŦāύ্āϧু āϏ্āϝাāϟেāϞাāχāϟ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ“ āχংāϰেāϜি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽিāϞāĻŦāύ্āϧāύ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ­াāώা āĻ“ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻাāϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻĻুāχ āĻŽāĻšাāϰāĻĨী āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻĒāϰিāϚāϝ় āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦিāώāϝ়াāĻŦāϞি āĻŦাāĻ—āϧাāϰা āĻŦাāύাāύ āĻļুāĻĻ্āϧিāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āϤি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻ­াāχāĻ­া āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧিāϜীāĻŦী āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ­াāώা āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻ­ূāĻ—োāϞ āĻ­ৌāĻ—োāϞিāĻ• āωāĻĒāύাāĻŽ āĻ­্āϝাāĻ•āϏিāύ āĻ•ূāϟāύীāϤি āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽāĻĄেāϞ āϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻŽāĻĄেāϞāϟেāϏ্āϟ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻ•āϰ্āĻŽ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻŦীāϰāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ–েāϤাāĻŦ āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝāĻ­াāĻŖ্āĻĄাāϰ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖ āϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ—াāχāĻĄāϞাāχāύ āϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āϞেāĻ–া āĻ“ āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āĻļেāώ āĻŽুāĻšুāϰ্āϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒāϰাāĻŽāϰ্āĻļ āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ  āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞি ✏️✏️ āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύী āϏāĻĻāϰ-āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ āϏāĻ­্āϝāϤা āϏāĻŽাāϏ āϏাāϜেāĻļāύ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϜ্āĻžাāύ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ-āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāϰ্āĻ— āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻ•āύāĻĢিāωāĻļāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāϤ্āϝ āĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨāĻĒāϤি āϏ্āĻĒোāĻ•েāύ āχংāϞিāĻļ All Things Review Bangladesh Constitution BCS Preliminary Question Analysis BCS Preparation Special Episodes BCS Questions Earn Money Eat Chew Drink Take Have ? English Grammar English Grammar Exercises with Answers English Grammar Test English Literature Essay Writing General Science ICT Idioms and Phrases International financial institutions Love Stories in Literature Nobel Prize One Word Substitution Preposition Quiz Redundancy āĻŦাāĻšুāϞ্āϝ (āĻĻোāώ) Shortcut to Preposition Spoken English Terrorism Transformation of Sentences 👍 Translation United Nations Vocabulary Warrant of Precedence World Wars

āĻāϟি āĻŦিāϏিāĻāϏ āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ:


Literary Terms 


1. Simile (āωāĻĒāĻŽা):

āĻĻুāϟি āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĻুāχāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে as, like, resemble, the same as āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāϞােāϰ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰে āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে simile āĻŦāϞে। 

Example -

• I wandered lonely as a cloud. 

• Youth (is) like summer morn.

• My heart is like a singing bird. 

• He is as cunning as a fox. 


2. Metaphor (āϰূāĻĒāĻ•):

āĻĻুāϟি āφāϞাāĻĻা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻŦা āĻĻুāχāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে comparision āĻāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϏāĻŽূāĻš (āϝেāĻŽāύ: as, such, like āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āύা āĻ•āϰেāχ āϤুāϞāύা āĻ•āϰাāĻ•ে metaphor āĻŦāϞে। 

Example -

• Liza is a rose.

• Life is but a walking shadow. 

• Nazrul is fire.

• My brother was boiling mad. 


Note: āĻāĻ•āχ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϤুāϞāύা āĻšāϞে ......... Read More 


📓 āĻĒুāϰো āφāϰ্āϟিāĻ•েāϞ/āĻĒোāϏ্āϟāϟি āĻĒāĻĄ়ুāύ