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English Literature

English Literature

★ Old English literature (450-1066)
Middle English literature (1066-1500)
– ( 1066-1340- The Aglo Norman Age)
– (1340-1400- Age of Geoffrey Chaucer )
– (1400-1485 – The Barren age)
★ English Renaissance ( 1500-1660)
– (1500-1558- The Preparation Age)
– ( Elizabethan & Jacobean Period -1558-1625)

★ ( Edmund Spencer, Christopher Marlowe, Sir Walter Raleigh, Ben Jonson, William Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd) (Memory Clue: Walter & Kyd JSC āĻĻিāĻ˛ )

★ (1625-1660- The Caroline Age)

– (1649-1660- The Commonwealth) (Jhon Dryden, Jhon Milton, Jhon Buniyon)

★ Neo-Classical period (1660-1798)
– (Restoration Age – 1660-1700)
– (Augustan Literature- 1700-1750)
– (Age of Sensibility- 1750-1798)

★ 19th century literature ( *Romanticism- 1798-1832,
*Victorian literature- 1832-1901)

English literature since 1901 ( Modernism- 1901-1939)
– The Edwardian Period (1901-1910)
– The Georgian Period. (1911-1939)

★ The Post modern Period (1939- present)
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Anglo-Saxon:
• Caedmon – āĻ্āĻ¯াংāĻ˛ো-āĻ¸্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻŽিāĻ˛্āĻŸāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšিāĻ¤। Genesis andd Exodus of the Judith āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ।
• Cynewulf – Juliana āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯।
• Adam Bede: The Ecclesiastical History of the English āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽীā§Ÿ āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ‡।
• Bewulf – āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦা āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤া।

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Geoffrey Chacer (1343-1400)
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• Father of modern English Poetry.
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ°āĻˇ্āĻ  āĻ•āĻŦি।
• āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦাāĻŦা āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸াā§Ÿী।
• āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨঃ (BC HeLP)
– The Book of Duchess
– The Canterbury Tales
– The House of Fame.
– The Legend of Good Women
– The Parliament of Fowls.

John Wicliff: Translated Bible into English.

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★ The Rennaissance Period (1500-1660)
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• Renaissance āĻ•āĻĨাāĻŸিāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ – āĻĒুāĻ¨āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽ (rebirth)
• Nicholas Udall- Considered as first writer of comedy. āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽেāĻĄি Ralph Roister Doister.

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The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)
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• Henry VIII āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻ¨্āĻ¯া āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻāĻ˛িāĻœাāĻŦেāĻĨেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে Elizabethan Period.
• āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—āĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¯ুāĻ— āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ।

• āĻ•āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ EF MS KB
(Edmund Spencer, Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸāĻ°, Ben Johnson, Thomas Kyd)

University Wits ( Marlowe, Kyd, Nashe, Greene, Pelee, Lodge)

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Edmund Spencer (***)
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– Called Poet of Poets
– The Shepherds Canlendar. ( āĻ āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯ āĻŸি āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻ¨)
– Prince of poet in his time (āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ§িāĻ¤ে āĻ˛েāĻ–া)
– The Faerie Queen (āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯)
āĻŦিāĻˇā§ŸāĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুঃ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻ—্āĻ˛োāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ¨া ā§§ā§¨ āĻĻিāĻ¨āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒী āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ…াā§ŸোāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻ˛ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒীā§œিāĻ¤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻāĻ¸ে āĻĻৈāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ…াāĻ° āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦীāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒীā§œāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒাāĻ িā§Ÿে āĻĻেāĻ¨। āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ°োāĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦীāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯ে।

– Astrophel
– Amoretti
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Francis Bacon
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-Essayist
-Father of English Prose
– master of aphorism.
– āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।
– GSP ( Of Great Place, Of Studies, Of Truth, Of Plantation)
– Revenge is a kind of wild justice.
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Quote:
• Reading maketh a full, conference a ready man, writing an exact man.

• Some books are to be tasted , others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested ”

• Opportunity makes a thief.

– Father of English Tragedy
– True Founder of English Drama.
– Pioneer of Blank Verses.
• Drama
– The Tragedical History of Dr. Faustus (āĻ…āĻŽিāĻ¤্āĻ°াāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° āĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻে āĻ˛েāĻ–া)
– The Jew of Malta
– Tamburlaine, the Great (1589)

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Shakespeare (āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸāĻ°) (1564-1616)
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* āĻ¨িāĻ°āĻĻ āĻ¸ি āĻšৌāĻ§ুāĻ°ী āĻ¤াঁāĻ° “The Autobiography of an Unkown Indian” āĻŦāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨-
“āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ­āĻ—āĻŦাāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻĒূāĻœো āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻŦাāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻ˛ীāĻ°া āĻ¤েāĻŽāĻ¨ি āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻĒূāĻœো āĻ•āĻ°ে। ”

* āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽঃ 1564 āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° 23 āĻļে āĻāĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻ˛ Stratford of Avon āĻļāĻšāĻ°ে।

* āĻĒিāĻ¤া āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ Stratford of Avon āĻļāĻšāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒৌāĻ°āĻ¸āĻ­াāĻ° āĻŽেā§ŸāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻŽা āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŽেāĻ°ী āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ° ।

* āĻ‰āĻ‡āĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻŽ āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻŦোāĻ¨ āĻšাāĻ° āĻ­াā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¤ৃāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻ­াā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻœ্āĻ¯োāĻˇ্āĻ ্āĻ¯।

* 1582 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ…্āĻ¯াāĻ¨ āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻĨাāĻ“ā§ŸেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻŦāĻ§ূ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ…াāĻŸ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦā§œ।

* āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽা āĻ•āĻ¨্āĻ¯া āĻ¸ুāĻ¸াāĻ¨া, āĻ›েāĻ˛েāĻĻ্āĻŦā§Ÿ āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨ (Hamlet and Zudith)

* āĻŸāĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻ˛ুāĻ¸ি āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ­ূ-āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻŽী āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।

* āĻ˛āĻ¨্āĻĄāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ˛ে āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨েāĻ¤াāĻ°া “āĻ˛āĻ°্āĻĄ āĻšেāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ°āĻ˛েāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĻāĻ˛” āĻ…āĻ­িāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ›িāĻ˛।

* āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ি āĻ›িāĻ˛ ‘play-pather’ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে।

* āĻĻীāĻ°্āĻ˜ 25 āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ°āĻ™্āĻ—াāĻ˛ā§Ÿে āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।

* Mostly known as plays
* His play consists of 5 acts.
* He is not famous for Bourgeois drama.

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āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ•ঃ ā§Šā§Ž āĻŸি
āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨঃ ā§¨ āĻŸি
āĻ¸āĻ¨েāĻŸঃ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ē āĻŸি

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★ Tragedy:
• Macbeth (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻŦেāĻĨ, āĻ˛েāĻĄি āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻŦেāĻĨ- āĻšāĻ¤ুāĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĄাāĻ‡āĻ¨ী)
– Coward die many times before their daeth.

• Othello(āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Othello, Desdemona- Othello’s wife, Iago- Villain, Cassio, Emilia)
• Hamlet (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Laertes)— The Murder of Gonzago āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻŽāĻ˛েāĻŸ āĻŦাāĻŦাāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļোāĻ§ āĻ¨েā§ŸাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯।
– To be or not to be that is the question.
– There is a divinity that shapes our ends.

• Antony and Cleopatra (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Antony, Cleopatra)
• Romeo and Juliet (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Romeo, āĻœুāĻ˛িā§ŸেāĻŸ, āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ—ু āĻ“ āĻ˛েāĻĄি āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻŸেāĻ—ু, āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻŸিāĻ‰āĻ˛েāĻŸ āĻ“ āĻ˛েāĻĄি āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻŸিāĻ‰āĻ˛েāĻŸ)

• Julius Caesar (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ āĻœুāĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻ¸, āĻ¸ীāĻœাāĻ°, āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ¸িā§ŸাāĻ¸)
– Julius Caesar was the ruler of Rome about 2000 years ago.

++++Memory Clue : ( MOHAn R J)

Comedy:
• The Merchant of Venice
– Tragi-comedy.
– Shylock (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°): He was a jews.

• Much Ado About Nothing,
• A Midsummer Night’s Dream,
• All’s Well That Ends Well, (TC)
• Measure for Measure, (TC)
• The Tempest (TC)
– Swan song.
– āĻā§œেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ…াāĻ°āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšā§Ÿ।
– (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Calliban, Ferdinand, Alanso, Miranda)

• The Comedy of Errors,
• As You Like It

Memory Clue: MAM Midsummer A Measpi āĻ•েT C āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛, As You Like It.

āĻāĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া:

Henry VI- Part-I, Henry VI- Part-II, Henry VI-Part-III, King John, Richard-II & III.

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• “To be or not to be, that is the question ”
(Hamlet)
• “Brevity is the soul of wit” (Hamlet)

• ”There are more things in haven and earth
Horation, Than are dreamt of in our philosophy” (Hamlet)

• “Cowards die many times before their deaths” (Julius Caesar)

• ”All the world’s stage and all the men and women merely players ” (As you like it )

• Sweet are uses of adversity (As you like it )

• Fair is foul , and Foul is fair . (Mathbeth )

• All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand (Mathbeth )

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Ben Jhonson:
– O Rare Ben Johnson ( āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻ§িāĻ¤ে āĻ˛েāĻ–া)
– Wrote ( Drama)- Volpone, The silent women ( Epicone), The Alchemist.

• Thomas Kyd
-The Spanish Tragedy ( The First Tragedic Drama)
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Christopher Marlowe

Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 93) āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸াāĻŽā§ŸিāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°। āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¸্āĻŸোāĻĢাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛ো āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ে āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻšেā§Ÿে āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° ā§¨ āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŦā§œ। āĻĻুāĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻāĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ›āĻŦি āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ˛ে āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻĻুāĻœāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¤ি। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤াঁāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšেāĻšাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻ¸েāĻ‡āĻŽ, āĻ¸āĻšোāĻĻāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ‡ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤।

āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻĒā§œুāĻ¨:  āĻŦ্āĻ°িāĻŸিāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽেāĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ—ুāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ |What Are The Differences Between American And British English
āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¸্āĻŸোāĻĢাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛োāĻ“ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ•েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤। āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েঃ
•Tamburlaine
•The Jew of Malta
•Doctor Faustus
•Edward II
•The Massacre at Paris.
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** āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸্āĻŸ্āĻ°ি āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ°াāĻœাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽে। āĻ¤াāĻ‡ Edward II āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻļুāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒিā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ে।
*** Doctor Faustus āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে Dr. Faustus āĻ†āĻ° Mephistopheles ( āĻŽেāĻĢিāĻ¸্āĻŸোāĻĢিāĻ˛িāĻ¸).
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āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽেāĻĢিāĻ¸্āĻŸোāĻĢিāĻ˛িāĻ¸ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ে āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻŽেāĻ§াā§Ÿ ā§§āĻŽ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤াāĻŽ। āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĄাāĻ°āĻ°া āĻŽেāĻĢিāĻ¸্āĻŸোāĻĢিāĻ˛িāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻšেā§ŸেāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļাāĻ˛ āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ°ী।।।।

*****University Wits āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻŸেāĻ•āĻ¨িāĻ•ঃ ā§§ā§Ģā§­ā§Ŧ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻˇোā§œāĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•েāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে Christopher Marlowe āĻāĻ° āĻšাāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ¤ āĻ…াāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻ˛āĻ¨্āĻĄāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻž্āĻšে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ°াāĻ‡ āĻĒাāĻ°āĻĢāĻ°্āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ¨ āĻāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•েāĻ‡ University Wits āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšāĻ¤।

University Wits āĻ—āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨:-

ā§§. Christopher Marlowe
ā§¨. Robert Greene
ā§Š.Thomas kyd
ā§Ē. John Lyly
ā§Ģ. George Peele
ā§Ŧ. Thomas Nashe

āĻ‡ংāĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻŽāĻž্āĻšে āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¸্āĻŸোāĻĢাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛োāĻ‡ āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻ›োāĻŸ āĻ—্āĻ°ীāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻĄ āĻ˛িāĻ˛ি āĻĒিāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¨াāĻšে!!!

āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻŽিāĻ˛িā§Ÿে āĻ¨িāĻ¨:-
ā§§.āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛োāĻ‡= Christopher Marlowe
ā§¨. āĻ—্āĻ°ীāĻ¨= Greene=Robert Greene

ā§Š.āĻ•িāĻĄ= Kyd=Thomas Kyd

ā§Ē. āĻ˛িāĻ˛ি= Lyly=John Lyly

ā§Ģ. āĻĒিāĻ˛ি= Peele=George Peele

ā§Ŧ.āĻ¨াāĻšে= Nashe=Thomas Nashe)

• The Jacobean Period (1603-1625)
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-John Donne
-The Greatest love poet/poet of love
-Love is not so pure, and abstract, as they use to say.
-Go and Catch the Falling Star.

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John Webster
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-The Duchess of Malfi.( Tragedy Drama)
-The White Devil (Tragedy Drama)
-Cyril Tourneur
-The Revengers Tragedy
-The Atheist’s
-King James
-The translation of Bible into English.

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The Commonwealth Period (1645-1660)
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★ The Caroline Age ( 1625-1649)
(Robert Herrick, John Milton, John Ford, Henry Vaughn)

• Robert Herrick
– Poem – To Daffodils
– Short lived human live ( the poet weeps over the poem)

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John Milton
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– Epic Poem
– He became blind in 1652.
– Poem- Paradise lost, Paradise Regain, Lycidas, Areopagitica.
– To justify the of God to man.

Quote: Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven- J.Milton

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• Henry Vaughn
( Wrote- The Retreat)

★ Neo-Classical period (1660-1798)
– (Restoration Age – 1660-1700)
– (Augustan Literature- 1700-1750)
– (Age of Sensibility- 1750-1798)
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★ The Restoration Period (1660-1785)
– Age of dryden āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ ।
– āĻ•েāĻ‰ āĻ•েāĻ‰ Age of Milton āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨।
– Historical Events:
* England āĻ āĻļিāĻ˛্āĻĒাā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻļুāĻ°ু।
* āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ¤া āĻ“ āĻ›াāĻĒাāĻ–াāĻ¨া āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ।
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John Dryden:
•The representative poet of 17th century.
• Father of Modern English Criticism.
• āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯ঃ
– Absalom and Achitophel, 1681 āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ…āĻŽāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ…াāĻ›েāĻ¨।
• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ঃ
An Essay on dramatic poesy.
• āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ•ঃ
– All for love.
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William Congreve
– āĻ•āĻŽেāĻĄি āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ•
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻœোāĻ¨াāĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻ¸ুāĻ‡āĻĢāĻŸ āĻ“ āĻĒোāĻĒেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ু āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻ‡।
āĻ•āĻŽেāĻĄিঃ BWDL
– The Old Bachelor
– The way of the world
– The Double Dealer
– Love for love.
āĻŸ্āĻ°াāĻœেāĻĄিঃ The morning bride.

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John Bunyon
• āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻŽāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻœেāĻ˛ āĻ–েāĻŸেāĻ›েāĻ¨।
• āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻšাāĻ°্āĻœে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻĒাāĻĻ্āĻ°ী āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।
•āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽঃ
– The pilgrim Process.
– The holy war.
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The Augustan Period (1701-1745)
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• āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—āĻŸাāĻ•ে age of pope āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…াāĻ˛েāĻ•āĻœাāĻ¨্āĻĄাāĻ° āĻĒোāĻĒ āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—āĻŸাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¨িāĻ§িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨
• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি Daily ” The Daily Courant” āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦাāĻļিāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ 1701 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে।

:Alexandar Pope:Daniel Defoe:āĻœোāĻ¨াāĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻ¸ুāĻ‡āĻĢāĻŸঃ Henry Fielding:(āĻ…াāĻœ HD āĻ—াāĻ¨ āĻļুāĻ¨āĻŦ)
Alexandar Pope:
*āĻ¤āĻ°ুāĻŖ āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ে āĻĒোāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ িāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ§িāĻ¤ে āĻ…াāĻ•্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻœā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻļāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻ­েāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĒā§œেāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻ¨্āĻ¤িāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻ°্āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻŦিāĻ§্āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤, āĻ…āĻĒāĻŽাāĻ¨িāĻ¤, āĻ˛াāĻž্āĻ›িāĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœāĻš্āĻ¯ুāĻ¤ āĻĒোāĻĒেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°ে āĻœāĻŽেāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ˜ৃāĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻ āĻ˜ৃāĻŖাāĻ‡ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻœāĻ—āĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĢেāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛।

* Famous for mock-heroic poet in English literature.

āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াঃ
– The rape of the lock (āĻŦেāĻ˛িāĻ¨্āĻĻাāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒেāĻ° āĻ›āĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻ¸ূāĻ°্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ…াāĻ˛ো āĻŽ্āĻ˛াāĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻ¯ুāĻŦāĻ•েāĻ°া āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°āĻĒাāĻļে āĻ­ীā§œ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸু āĻ­াāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻļাā§Ÿ। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¸ে āĻĒাāĻ¤্āĻ¤া āĻĻেā§Ÿ āĻ¨া। āĻŦাā§ŸāĻŦীā§Ÿ āĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻ¤াāĻ¤্āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻĻাāĻ° āĻāĻ°িā§ŸেāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ¤ৃāĻ¤্āĻŦে āĻŦেāĻ˛িāĻ¨্āĻĻাāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒ-āĻ¯ৌāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻĻাā§ŸিāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ¨েā§Ÿ।
– āĻŦেāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ• āĻāĻ• āĻ¯ুāĻŦāĻ• āĻŦেāĻ˛িāĻ¨্āĻĻাāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻŽোāĻšিāĻ¤। āĻ¸ে āĻŦেāĻ˛িāĻ¨্āĻĻাāĻ° āĻšুāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦেāĻŖী āĻ•েāĻŸে āĻ¨েā§Ÿ।
– āĻŦেāĻ˛িāĻ¨্āĻĻা āĻšা-āĻšুāĻ¤াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻāĻ°িā§ŸেāĻ˛ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻœাāĻ¨াā§Ÿ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦেāĻŖী āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻĒেā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ¨āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤্āĻ°āĻ˛োāĻ•ে।

– The Dunciad.

āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ঃ
– Essay on criticism.
– Moral Essays.
– Essay on Man.

āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻŦাāĻĻঃ
– Iliad
– Oddtssey.

Quote:
• “To err is human; to forgive is devine”
• “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread”
• “A little learning is a dangerous thing”

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Daniel Defoe:
– Robinson Crusoe (1719) āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¨াā§ŸāĻ• āĻ°āĻŦিāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•্āĻ°ুāĻļো, āĻ¯ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒে 26 āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĻুঃāĻ¸āĻš āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨-āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ীāĻ¤ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¸ে āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻš্āĻ›āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻĒāĻ¤ি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻ¸ে āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāĻ° āĻ­ৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ Friday āĻāĻŦং Xury āĻ•ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ­ৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻĻাāĻ¸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸াā§Ÿ āĻ˛াāĻ­āĻŦাāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¨।

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āĻœোāĻ¨াāĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻ¸ুāĻ‡āĻĢāĻŸঃ
• āĻ…ā§ŸাāĻ°āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° āĻĄাāĻŦāĻ˛িāĻ¨ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ে āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।
• āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ™্āĻ—াāĻ¤্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤।
• āĻŦোāĻŦা āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ§িāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿে āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¨।

āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻ¤্āĻŽāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ঃ
– Gulliver’s Travel (āĻŽূāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Martin Scribblers, āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻšā§Ÿ Lamuel Guliver)। āĻ—াāĻ˛িāĻ­াāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°āĻŸি āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ­্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨। āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ – A voyage of Lulliput(āĻŦাāĻŽুāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļ) A voyage of Brobdingnag(āĻĻাāĻ¨āĻŦেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļ), A voyage of Lapunta (āĻ˛াāĻĒুāĻŸাāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļ), A voyage of Houyhnhns. (āĻšুāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻšুāĻŽāĻ¸ āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ• āĻ˜োā§œাāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļ)
– A Tale of Tub
– The Battle of Books.

āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĢেāĻ¸āĻŦুāĻ• āĻ—্āĻ°ুāĻĒে Join āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ•ি?
āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻš āĻ¯েāĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¯োāĻ—িāĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ, āĻ—ুāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ¨োāĻŸ āĻ“ āĻļāĻ°্āĻŸāĻ•াāĻŸ āĻŸিāĻĒāĻ¸ āĻĒেāĻ¤ে  āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ•্āĻ˛িāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻœā§ŸেāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ুāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° Official āĻĢেāĻ¸āĻŦুāĻ• āĻ—্āĻ°ুāĻĒে।
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Henry Fielding:
– Father of English Novel
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ°িāĻšাāĻ°্āĻĄāĻ¸āĻ¨েāĻ° pamela āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻšাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে 1742 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ “Joseph Andrews”
• Novel
– Tom jones ( āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻˇ্āĻ  āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸) (āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Tom and Sofia); Published in 1st half of 18th century.
– Amelia.
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The age of sensibility (1745-1798)
___________________________________________
– The Age of Johnson āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ।

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Dr. Samuel johnson:

• Dictionery of the English Language.
• Wrote Essay- Preface to Shakespeare.

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Thomas Gray

• Elegy written in the country churchyard.
• āĻ•েāĻŽ্āĻŦ্āĻ°িāĻœ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ• āĻ¨িāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি।

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Edmund Burkey:
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ…াāĻŽেāĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ§িāĻŦাāĻ¸ীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻšাāĻĒাāĻ¨ো āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨āĻ¨ি।
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻĢāĻ°াāĻ¸ী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛āĻŦāĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨āĻ¨ি।

āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ঃ
– Speech on American Taxation
– Speech on East India Bill

Quote:
• Superstition is a religion of feeble minded person.
• The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse-
• The people are the masters.
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Oliver Goldsmith:

Novel:
– The vicar of Wakefield.
– The Good Natured Man

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Wiliam blake:
– Visionary poet
– Poet of bible.
– The precursor of Romanticism.
– āĻœেāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦেāĻ¸াā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ–োāĻĻাāĻ‡āĻ•াāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ীāĻ¨ে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ¨।
– āĻ•āĻŦি āĻ“ āĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ˛্āĻĒী āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।
āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨঃ
• Songs of innocense.
• Songs of Experience.

Quote:
• The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom.

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The Romantic Period (1795-1832)
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āĻāĻ˛িāĻœাāĻŦেāĻĨাāĻ¨ āĻĒিāĻ°িā§ŸāĻĄেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ†āĻĻিāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ¯ুāĻ— āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ°োāĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻŸিāĻ• āĻĒিāĻ°িā§ŸāĻĄ।
• āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° ā§§ā§­ā§¯ā§Ž āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§§ā§Žā§Šā§¨ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤। • ā§§ā§­ā§¯ā§Ž āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে William Wordsworth āĻāĻ° Lyrical Ballads āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽেāĻ‡ āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ°োāĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻŸিāĻ• āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšā§Ÿ।
• Most important features of a romantic poetry is – Subjectivity.

āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻĒā§œুāĻ¨:  ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻ˛িāĻŽিāĻ¨াāĻ°ী āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ§াāĻ¨ | 10th BCS Priliminary Question Solution
āĻāĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ—āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨ঃ
– William Wordsworth
– S T Coleridge
– Lord Byron
– P B Shelley
– John Keats
– Walter Scott
– Jane Austene

āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ Wordsworth BCS āĻĻিā§Ÿে KSA (āĻ¸ৌāĻĻি āĻ…াāĻ°āĻŦ) āĻ¯াāĻŦে।
Wordsworth, Byron, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats, Scott, Austene
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1.William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850)
• He is considered as poet of nature.
• 1839 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ…āĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĢোāĻ°্āĻĄ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ•ে āĻĄিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ§ি āĻĻেā§Ÿ।
• āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াংāĻļ āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া 1798 āĻĨেāĻ•ে 1808 āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে।
• 1798 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ•āĻŦি S T Coleridge āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে Lyrical Ballads āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।

āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨঃ
– Lyrical Ballads,
– The Prelude
– Thansgiving Ode
– Ecclesiastical Sketches
– The River Duddon

āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াঃ
– Tintern Abbey,
– Ode: Immitations of Immortality,
– The Solitery Reaper,
– I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,
– Michael,
– Lucy Poems.
– Dsffodils.
– The Excursion
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William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Wrote Lyrical Ballads (1798) with S T Coleridge. S T Coleridge wrote 4 (Four) poems & Willam Wordsworth 19 (Nineteen) poems.

He is considered as Nature of Poet.

1839 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ…āĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĢোāĻ°্āĻĄ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ•ে āĻĄি āĻ¸ি āĻāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ§ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে ।

Inspired by French Revolution.

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ:

Lyrical Ballads, Thanksgiving Ode, The River Duddon, The Prelude (Auto Bio-bibliography), Ecclesiastical sketches

Poem:

Daffodils, The Solitary Reaper, To Milton, The Excursion, Michael

āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ A MID SME
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2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 – 1834)
• The collaborator of wordsworth.
• Poet of supernaturalism
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻĢāĻ°াāĻ¸ী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ• āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।
• āĻ…াāĻĢিāĻŽ āĻ¸েāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ¨।
• āĻ—িāĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻšিāĻ•িā§ŽāĻ¸াā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¨।
• Watchman āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ•া āĻšাāĻ˛াāĻ¤েāĻ¨।
• Lyricall Ballads āĻ āĻšাāĻ°āĻŸি āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤া āĻ›িāĻ˛।

āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨঃ Biographia Literaria

āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াঃ The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan, Dejection:Ode, Christabel,Frost at Midnight.

“everywhere,
And all the boards did shrink;
Water, water everywhere,
Nor any drop to drink.” ___Quotations from The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

{{{ Kubla Khan āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤া। Coleridge āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻĢিāĻŽ Addicted। āĻ¤ো āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĢিāĻŽ āĻ–াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° Kubla Khan āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াāĻŸি āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŽাāĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻ¸ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨েāĻļাāĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¤া āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻ¨। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻĄাāĻ• āĻĒিā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸ে āĻĻāĻ°āĻœাā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§œা āĻ¨াā§œে āĻ¤াঁāĻ•ে āĻšিāĻ ি āĻĻিāĻ¤ে। āĻšিāĻ ি āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻļা āĻ•েāĻŸে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻĨেāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻ­াāĻ—্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻļāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻ¨ি। āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¯েāĻŸুāĻ•ু āĻ˛িāĻ–েāĻ›ে āĻ¤া āĻ›িāĻ˛ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ­াāĻ—েāĻ° ā§§ āĻ­াāĻ—। āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ Kubla Khan āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে Coleridge āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšেā§Ÿে āĻ•āĻ িāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤া।

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3.John Keats (1795 –1821):
• āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° ā§¨ā§Ŧ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦেঁāĻšে āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ•āĻŦি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ­াāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ• āĻĻেāĻ–িā§ŸেāĻ›েāĻ¨।
• Keats āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° Ode āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤।
• Poet of Sensuousness
• Poet of Beauty
• Died from Tuberculosis

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ : (HELP Isabella) Poems, Endymion, Lamia and other poems, Isabella.

• A famous poet who is known as a man of medicine.

• āĻ¤াঁāĻ° Ode āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েঃ Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn , Ode to Psych, To Autumn, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on Indolence.

{ āĻļিāĻ°োāĻ¨াāĻŽāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° “ āĻāĻ•া āĻĒাāĻ–ি” āĻ—াāĻ¨āĻŸা Keats āĻāĻ° Ode to a Nightingale āĻāĻ° āĻĨিāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦে āĻ¨া। }
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4.Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 – 1822)
• āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤া āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ°োāĻšী āĻ§াঁāĻšেāĻ°।
• āĻ•াāĻœী āĻ¨āĻœāĻ°ুāĻ˛ āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াā§Ÿ Shelley’āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻ†āĻ›ে।
• A revolutionary poet.
• Died from boat sinking

Poem: Ozymandias, Ode to west wind, Ode to Liberty, Ode to Skylark.

Article: Necessity of Atheism, A Defense of Poetry.

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯ : Prometheus Unbound.

āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ: The Revolt of Islam, The Spirit of Solitu

āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াঃ, Adonais, To a skylark, Ode to the West Wind.

• “The trumpet of a prophecy! O
Wind,
If Winter comes can Spring be far behind ? “___Quotation from West Wind
.
• Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.” _ Quot from To a Skylark

• Poets are unacknowledged legislation of the world ”
• Oh, lift me as wave , a leaf , a cloud , I fail upon the thorns of life ! I bleed
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5.Lord Byron (1788 – 1824):
• George Gordon Lord Byron āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ°োāĻšী āĻ•āĻŦি।
• āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে Don Juan āĻ†āĻ° Vision of Judgement।
• English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.
• Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.

Lord Byron āĻāĻ° āĻŽেā§Ÿে Ada Lovelace āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨ Computer āĻāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ computer programmer.
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6.Romantic Age āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ˛েāĻ–িāĻ•া āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨ Jane Austen।āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ°োāĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻŸিāĻ• āĻĒিāĻ°িā§ŸāĻĄেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ Anti-romantic Novelist. āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ ā§ĢāĻŸি āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে,
Pride & Prejudice,
Sense and Sensibility,
Mansfield Park, āĻāĻŦং
Emma.
The Persuation
(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ SME P² )

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7. Sir Walter Scott
• 1771 āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° 15 āĻ…াāĻ—āĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻ¸্āĻ•āĻŸāĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।

āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ঃ
• Ivanhoe
• The Abbot
• The pirate
• The Antiquary
• Tale of my Landlord

āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ PIAAL (āĻĒিā§ŸাāĻ˛)

āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াঃ
• Patriotism.

____________________________________________
Victorian Age
_______________
• āĻ•ুāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ­িāĻ•্āĻŸোāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।
• This period is regarded as the period of progress and prosperity.
• Historical Events:
– In 1833, slaves were declared free.
– In 1833, the Fabian society was found.
– Agriculture society was collapsed as a reault of industrial revolution.

āĻ āĻ¯ুāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ•āĻŦি/āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ•্āĻ˛ুঃ
(BD EARTH TB MN)

• Robert Browning
• Charles Dickens,
• George Eliot
• Mathew Arnold
• Charles Robert Darwin
• William Mack-pis Thackeray
• Thomas Hardy
• Alfred Tennyson
• S Bronty
• E Bronty.
• Barret Browning
• Karl Marx
• Cardinal Newman

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•Robert Browning
* āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ:
– Pauline,
– Dramatic Lyrics,
– Dramatic Romances,
– Dramatic Idols
(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°ঃ Idol LPR)

* Poem:
-The Patriot,
– The Last Duches,
– Andrea Del Sarto,
– Rabbi Ben Ezra
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• Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
– Novel: GOAH āĻ° DB Charles Dickens.

– Oliver Twist,
– David Copperfield,
– Bleak House,
– Hard Times,
– A Tale of Two Cities,
– Great Expectations
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• George Eliot (1819-1880)
– Novel: MARch
– Adam bede,
– Romola,
– Middle march,
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• Mathew Arnold

-The Scholar Gypsy,
– Poems
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Charles Robert Darwin
______________________
* Novel:
– The Origin of Species
– The Voyage of the Beagle
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• William Mack-pis Thackeray
_____________________________
Novel:
– Vanity Fair
– The Virginians
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Thomas Hardy
– Under the Greenwood Tree
– The Return of the Native
– Tess of D’ Urbervilles
– The Mayor of Casterbridge.
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• Alfred Tennyson
_________________
• Poet laurate āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨।
* āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ:
– Ink Arden
– Death to Oenone.
– Poems by two Brothers
– Timbuctoo
– Maud & Other Poems

(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ InDian TiMe)

* Poem:
– The Lotus Eater,
– Morte D Arthur,
– Ulysses
:
:
Sharley Bronte:
_______________
* Novel:
– The Professor
:

• Amili Bronte
______________
* Novel:
– Wuthering Heights.
:
:
Elizabeth Barret Browning
__________________________
– Prometheus Bound
– Sonnets from the Portuguese
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āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻĒā§œুāĻ¨:  ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ģ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§¯ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻšাāĻ•āĻ°িāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ Correct spelling āĻāĻ•āĻ¸াāĻĨে | English Spelling āĻ¸āĻšāĻœে āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻļāĻ˛!
 

(Samuel Becket, Joseph Conrad, D H Lawrence, T S Eliot, E M Forster, E M Forster, George Barnard Shaw, Huxley, Tem Huges, Ernst Hemingway, James Joyce, J M Synge, Rudyard Kipling, Somerset Maugham, George Orwell, H G Wells, W B Yeats)

• Samuel Becket
– āĻĢāĻ°াāĻ¸ী āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°।
– āĻĒুāĻ°ো āĻ¨াāĻŽ Samuel Barclay Beckeet.
– He was awarded Nobel Prize in 1969 for his famous drama Waiting to Godot.

• Drama
(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ āĻ…াāĻ¸āĻ›ে āĻļুāĻ­ āĻĻিāĻ¨ে Endgame āĻ–েāĻ˛āĻŦ)

– Endgame
– Come & Go,
– Happy Days,
– Play
____________________________________________
• Joseph Conrad
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ 15 āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽুāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ­্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻ˛িā§Ÿা āĻ“ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦ āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻĻীāĻĒāĻĒুāĻž্āĻœ।
Novel:

(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ āĻœোāĻ¸েāĻĢ āĻ•āĻ¨āĻ°াāĻĄ Secret Agent āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে Darkness āĻ TT āĻ–েāĻ˛ে।)

– Lord Jim: A Tale,
– The Heart of Darkness,
– Typhoon,
– The secret Agent.
____________________________________________
Rudyard Kipling:
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻŦোāĻŽ্āĻŦেāĻ¤ে। āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ 5, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ‡ংāĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।
• āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি 1907 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ে āĻ¨োāĻŦেāĻ˛ āĻĒুāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।
• Novel: (KCL)
– The Light that Failed.
– Captains Courageous
– Kim

• āĻ›োāĻŸāĻ—āĻ˛্āĻĒঃ
– The jungle Book
– The second jungle book
– Puck of Pook’s hill
– Debits and Credits.
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George Barnard Shaw (1856-1950)
• āĻ¸েāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšেā§Ÿে āĻœāĻ¨āĻĒ্āĻ°িā§Ÿ āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°।
• āĻ…াāĻ‡āĻ°িāĻļ āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°।
• 1925 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ¨োāĻŦেāĻ˛ āĻĒুāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।

• Drama
( ABCD )
– A- Arms & The Man
– B- Heart Break House, Major Barbara
– C-Caesar & Cleopatra, Candida
– D-The Doctors Dilemma

(PP Superman You never can Tell Widow Joan is Devil)

Man & Superman, The Philander, Pygmalion, You never can Tell, Saint Joan,Widower’s House, The Devil’s Disciple
____________________________________________

D H Lawrence (1885-1930)
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ”āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸িāĻ•, āĻ•āĻŦি, āĻ¨াāĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ•াāĻ°, āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ˛োāĻšāĻ•, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§āĻ•াāĻ°, āĻ“ āĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ°āĻļিāĻ˛্āĻĒী।
– āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻšুā§ŸাāĻ˛্āĻ˛িāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ে āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ°োāĻ—ে āĻ…াāĻ•্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĢ্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ­েāĻ¨āĻ¸্ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ে āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¨ ।

• Novel :
(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽঃ S K ChoWdhuRy)
– Sons & Lovers
– Kangaroo.
– Lady Chatterley’s Lover.
– The White Peacock.
– Women In Love.
– The Rainbow.
– The Trespasser.
____________________________________________
Ernst Hemingway
– He was awarded noble in 1954. He killed himself in 1961.
– āĻ…াāĻŽেāĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ—োāĻ¤ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি 1899 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ°েāĻĄāĻ•্āĻ°āĻ¸েāĻ° Agnes Von Kurosky āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻ°্āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻŽে āĻĒā§œেāĻ¨। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸ে āĻŽāĻšিā§ŸāĻ¸ী āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ¤াāĻ˛ীā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻŦিā§Ÿে āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨াā§Ÿ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ˛েāĻ–েāĻ¨, – “A very Short Story”.
– 1953 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে The Old Man and the sea āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ˛িā§ŽāĻœাāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¨।

• Novel:
– For whom the Bell Tolls, (āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤াā§Ÿ)
– A Farewell to Arms, (āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤াā§Ÿ)
– The sun also rises,
– The Old Man & The Sea
____________________________________________
E M Forster
– He was nominated for the Nobel prize in English literature in 13 different years.
– Irish.

• Novel
– A Passage to India,
– Where Angels fear to thread
– The Longest Journey
– The Room with a view.

(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿঃ A Passage to India is the logest journey, Angel āĻ°াāĻ“ fear āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻāĻŸা āĻāĻ•āĻŸা Room with a view āĻ¨ā§Ÿ। )
____________________________________________
• William Golding
– 1983 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ে āĻ¨োāĻŦেāĻ˛ āĻĒুāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¨ ।
– Lord of the Files (Classic Novel) āĻ¨োāĻ­েāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤।

Novel:

– Lord of the Files (Classic Novel),
– Darkness Visible,
– The Pyramid
– The Scorpion God.

(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿঃ Oh God ! Pyramid āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ“ gold āĻāĻ° File āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো visible.)
Lord āĻ†āĻ° God – Darkness āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ“ Pyramid āĻāĻ° Fall āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻĒেāĻ˛ । Lord = Lord of the Flies …. Darkness = Darkness visible ….. Fall = Free fall ……. God = The Scorpion God……. Pyramid = The Pyramid ____________________________________________

Huxley
– āĻ¤াঁāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸- The New Brave World.āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ‰āĻ‡āĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻŽ āĻļেāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻĒীā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° The Tempest āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে।

• Novel:
– The Brave New World
– Eyeless in Gaza,
– Time Must Have a Stop
____________________________________________
Ted Huges

• Poet Laureate
• Zoo laureate
āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ¤াঃ
– The Jaguar.
____________________________________________
James Joyce
– āĻ…াāĻ‡āĻ°িāĻļ āĻ•āĻŦি āĻ“ āĻ”āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸িāĻ•।
• āĻ—āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻ¸ংāĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¨ঃ
– Dubliners

• āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ•ঃ
– Exiles

āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ঃ
-Ulysses

____________________________________________
J M Synge (1871-1909)

– āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ°িāĻļ
– āĻĒুāĻ°ো āĻ¨াāĻŽ Edmund John Millington Synge
– W B Yeats āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ…াā§ŸাāĻ°āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻŦাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ āĻĻিāĻ˛ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ…াāĻ°াāĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāĻ° āĻ•ৃāĻˇāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ…াāĻ°āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।
– āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° ā§Šā§Ž āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ে āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¸াāĻ° āĻ°োāĻ—ে āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¨ ।

• Drama:
– Riders to the Sea,
– A Tinkers Wedding,
– Shadow of the Glen
– The well of the Saints

Somerset Maugham:

āĻšিāĻ•িā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ•āĻ¤া āĻ›েā§œে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ• āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻĒেāĻļা āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ ।
• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ঃ
– Of Human Bondage
– The Luncheon
– The Ant and the Grasshopper
– Now and then.

• Play
– The sacred flame*****
____________________________________________
George Orwell
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŽাā§Ÿ āĻĒুāĻ˛িāĻļ āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨।

• Novel:
– Animal Farm,
– Nineteen Eighty Four,
– Burmese Day
(1984 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে Burmese āĻ Animal Firm āĻĻিā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ Orwell)

• Story:
– Shooting An Elephant

____________________________________________

T S Eliot (1888-1965)
– T S – Thomas Stearns.
– āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽ āĻ…াāĻŽেāĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻŽিāĻ¸ৌāĻ°ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ˛ুāĻ‡āĻ¸ে।
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° ” Theory of objective -co-relative” āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯।
– He was awarded Noble prize in 1948.
– He was the Co-editor of The Egoist & Editor of Criterion.

• Drama
– Murderer in the Cathedral
– The family reunion
– The cocktail Party.

(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿঃ Family Reunion āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ে Cocktail Party āĻ¤ে Murder, āĻāĻŸা āĻ¨াāĻŸāĻ• āĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ¤ো āĻ•ি?)

• Poem
– The Waste Land,
– The Hollow Men
– Poems
– Ash Wednesday
– Four Quarteds.

(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿঃ Wednesday āĻ¤ে āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ Waste āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে 4 poems āĻ˛েāĻ–ে)

____________________________________________

• Virginia Woolf (āĻŽāĻšিāĻ˛া āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸িāĻ•)

Novel:
– The Voyage Out, ******
– To the Light House, ****
– Pilgrimage, *****
– The Waves
– Flush
– Mrs. Dalloway. ********

• H G Wells
____________________________________________
*Drama
-The Time Machine,
– The World Set Free
– The Invisible Man
– The first man in the moon.
(āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿঃ āĻšাঁāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° invisible āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ Time Machine āĻ āĻšā§œে World āĻāĻ° Wells āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ—েāĻ˛।)
____________________________________________
•W B Yeats (1865-1939)

– Irish āĻ•āĻŦি।
– Helped to Robindranath to translate Geetangali.
– 1899 āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ…াāĻ‡āĻ°িāĻļ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ˛ āĻĨিā§ŸেāĻŸাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨।
– Awarded Noble in 1923.
– āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ¤াঁāĻ° “use of symbolism and mysticism” āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ।

* āĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ (R(2) W(4) S T)
– The Resurrection,
– Responsibilities
– The Wandering of Oisin
– The Wind among the Reeds
– The Wind Swans at Coole
– The Winding Stair and Other Poems.
– In the Seven Woods
– The Tower.

• Poem (Byzantium Easter Lake āĻ Second Time āĻ˜ুāĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ—িā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛)
– Sailing to Byzantium.
– Easter.
– The Lake of Insifree
– The Second Coming.

★ āĻ˛িংāĻ•: āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽিāĻ• āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻŦ্āĻ°েāĻ°ি PDF (Google Drive)

bcspedia.blogspot.com

ā§§। āĻ¸্āĻŦāĻĒ্āĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ – āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ


ā§¨। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ˛িāĻ¤ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা


ā§Š। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ (āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļাāĻ¸āĻ¨)-āĻ•ে āĻ•েāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻĄাāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ°াāĻœা āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ē। āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ•ূāĻŸāĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ“


ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻ˛িāĻŽিāĻ¨াāĻ°ি - āĻŦাংāĻ˛া


ā§Ŧ। āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে ā§¨ā§Ģ āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ


ā§­। āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœিāĻ° āĻ­ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻœā§Ÿ āĻ¯া āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ


ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻ˛িāĻŽিāĻ¨াāĻ°ি āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻļāĻ˛: āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯


ā§¯। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻļāĻ˛: āĻ—āĻŖিāĻ¤


ā§§ā§Ļ। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻļāĻ˛: āĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ•োāĻŖāĻŽিāĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽিāĻ¤ি


ā§§ā§§। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻļāĻ˛: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻ‰āĻŸাāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি


ā§§ā§¨। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨, āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨, āĻ­ূāĻ—োāĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ…ংāĻļে āĻ­াāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ


ā§§ā§Š। āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻļāĻ˛


ā§§ā§Ē। āĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻ˛িāĻŽিāĻ¨াāĻ°ি āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻĨা


ā§§ā§Ģ। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤ি: āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি, āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি


ā§§ā§Ŧ। āĻ­ূāĻ—োāĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ•āĻ¤াā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ˛ে


ā§§ā§­। āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒā§œাāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ


ā§§ā§Ž। āĻĒ্āĻ°িāĻ˛িāĻŽিāĻ¨াāĻ°ি āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇ āĻŽুāĻšূāĻ°্āĻ¤ে



https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/08/effective-sentence.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2022/03/all-about-completing-sentences.html
https://english-grammarblog.blogspot.com/2020/12/rules-of-changing-voice-active-to-passive.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Aenglish-grammarblog.blogspot.com
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https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/04/preposition-shortcut-rules-techniques.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2020/10/blog-post_222.html

https://t.me/englishgrammarblog

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/full-guidelines-for-bcs-written-examination.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/1st-world-war-and-2nd-world-war.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/search/label/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%20-%20Motivation

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/why-do-muslims-commit-terrorism.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/01/transformation-of-sentences.html

https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/2022/03/bcs-preliminary-test-last-minute-preparation-and-suggestion.html

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https://bcspedia.blogspot.com/search/label/Earn%20Money

 

👍 CATEGORIES ⚝⚝⚝

#āĻ“āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨ি #āĻ†āĻ¤্āĻŽāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻˇ্āĻ াāĻ¨ #āĻŽিāĻļāĻ° #Egypt ā§§. āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ ā§§. āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻ¨োāĻŸ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšুāĻ˛ āĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ° ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ•āĻ¤া āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯āĻŦোāĻ§ āĻ“ āĻ¸ুāĻļাāĻ¸āĻ¨ ā§§ā§§. āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ§াāĻ¨ ā§¨. āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ ā§Š. āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻ˛ি ā§Ē. āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻ˛ি ā§Ēā§Ļā§ĻāĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨োāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°: āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻ‰āĻŸাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻ‰āĻŸাāĻ°-āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি 43rd BCS ā§Ģ. āĻ­াāĻ‡āĻ­া āĻŦোāĻ°্āĻĄ ā§Ģ. āĻ­ূāĻ—োāĻ˛ (āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ) āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨া ā§Ģā§¨ āĻĨেāĻ•ে ā§­ā§§ ā§Ŧ. āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ ā§­ āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻš ā§­. āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻ‰āĻŸাāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি ā§Ž. āĻ—াāĻŖিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি ā§¯. āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ• āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤া āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻ°āĻŖা āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻ°āĻŖা - Motivation āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ•াāĻ¨ুāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻšুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻŦিāĻˇā§Ÿ: āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻ°েāĻ–া āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻ°েāĻ–া āĻ†āĻĒāĻĄেāĻŸ āĻ†āĻĒāĻĄেāĻŸ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ†āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ• āĻ†āĻ˛োāĻšিāĻ¤ ā§§ā§§ āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŦি-āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ¤াঁāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨াāĻŦāĻ˛ী āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ§ি āĻ“ āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻāĻŸāĻ°্āĻ¨ি āĻœেāĻ¨াāĻ°েāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¯াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻ‰āĻŸাāĻ° āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻ‰āĻŸাāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ—āĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻŦৈāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšিāĻ¤ি āĻšāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•āĻŦিāĻ—āĻŖ āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨-āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļাāĻ–া āĻāĻŦং āĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻœ্āĻ¯াāĻŽিāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ীāĻ°া āĻ¨āĻĻ-āĻ¨āĻĻী āĻ¨āĻŦāĻŽ-āĻĻāĻļāĻŽ āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻŖিāĻ° āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āĻ›āĻĻ্āĻŽāĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ°āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ি āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ V. V. V. I. āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨া āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽিāĻ¤িāĻ° (Mensuration) āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°াāĻŦāĻ˛িāĻ¸āĻŽূāĻš āĻĒাঁāĻšāĻŽিāĻļাāĻ˛ী āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ + āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ°িāĻ­াāĻˇিāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļিāĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤িāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻ°া āĻĢāĻ˛া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤াāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° āĻĢাঁāĻĻ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨ āĻĢিāĻ˛িāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻ¨ Palestine āĻĢ্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛াāĻŽ-āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻˇ āĻŦāĻ™্āĻ—āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ু āĻ¸্āĻ¯াāĻŸেāĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻ“ āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŽিāĻ˛āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§āĻ¨ āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻ“ āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ°āĻĨী āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻĒāĻ°িāĻšāĻ¯় āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻ˛ি āĻŦাāĻ—āĻ§াāĻ°া āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ āĻļুāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ¸āĻŽূāĻš āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ­āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻ­াāĻ‡āĻ­া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤ি āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻœীāĻŦী āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ­াāĻˇা āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ­ূāĻ—োāĻ˛ āĻ­ৌāĻ—োāĻ˛িāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ­্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻ¸িāĻ¨ āĻ•ূāĻŸāĻ¨ীāĻ¤ি āĻāĻŦং āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽāĻĄেāĻ˛ āĻŸেāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻŽāĻĄেāĻ˛āĻŸেāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽ āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻŦীāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ–েāĻ¤াāĻŦ āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ­াāĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻ° āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ˛িāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻĄāĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ˛িāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ˛েāĻ–া āĻ“ āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ• āĻļেāĻˇ āĻŽুāĻšুāĻ°্āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°াāĻŽāĻ°্āĻļ āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻˇ্āĻ  āĻŦাāĻ™াāĻ˛ি ✏️✏️ āĻ¸ংāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ¸ংāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ¸ংāĻļোāĻ§āĻ¨ী āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ°-āĻĻāĻĒ্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ­্āĻ¯āĻ¤া āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻ¸াāĻœেāĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯-āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ°্āĻ— āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ• āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯ে āĻ•āĻ¨āĻĢিāĻ‰āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ“ āĻ¸্āĻĨāĻĒāĻ¤ি āĻ¸্āĻĒোāĻ•েāĻ¨ āĻ‡ংāĻ˛িāĻļ All Things Review Bangladesh Constitution BCS Preliminary Question Analysis BCS Preparation Special Episodes BCS Questions Earn Money Eat Chew Drink Take Have ? English Grammar English Grammar Exercises with Answers English Grammar Test English Literature Essay Writing General Science ICT Idioms and Phrases International financial institutions Love Stories in Literature Nobel Prize One Word Substitution Preposition Quiz Redundancy āĻŦাāĻšুāĻ˛্āĻ¯ (āĻĻোāĻˇ) Shortcut to Preposition Spoken English Terrorism Transformation of Sentences 👍 Translation United Nations Vocabulary Warrant of Precedence World Wars

āĻāĻŸি āĻŦিāĻ¸িāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ীāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ:


Literary Terms 


1. Simile (āĻ‰āĻĒāĻŽা):

āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে as, like, resemble, the same as āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ােāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻ°াāĻ¸āĻ°ি āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ•ে simile āĻŦāĻ˛ে। 

Example -

• I wandered lonely as a cloud. 

• Youth (is) like summer morn.

• My heart is like a singing bird. 

• He is as cunning as a fox. 


2. Metaphor (āĻ°ূāĻĒāĻ•):

āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ†āĻ˛াāĻĻা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŦা āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে comparision āĻāĻ° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ¸āĻŽূāĻš (āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: as, such, like āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি) āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ•ে metaphor āĻŦāĻ˛ে। 

Example -

• Liza is a rose.

• Life is but a walking shadow. 

• Nazrul is fire.

• My brother was boiling mad. 


Note: āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ˛ে ......... Read More 


📓 āĻĒুāĻ°ো āĻ†āĻ°্āĻŸিāĻ•েāĻ˛/āĻĒোāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻŸি āĻĒāĻĄ়ুāĻ¨